1. Scope

1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the response of materials, products, and assemblies to controlled levels of radiant heat exposure with or without an external ignitor.

1.2 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by this test method include the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, visible smoke development, and gas release of materials, products, and assemblies under well ventilated conditions.

1.3 This test method is also suitable for determining many of the parameters or values needed as input for computer fire models. Examples of these values include effective heat of combustion, surface temperature, ignition temperature, and emissivity.

1.4 This test method is also intended to provide information about other fire parameters such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients, flame radiation factor, air entrainment rates, flame temperatures, minimum surface temperatures for upward and downward flame spread, heat of gasification, nondimensional heat of gasification (1) and the ? flame spread parameter (see Test Method E 1321). While some studies have indicated that this test method is suitable for determining these fire parameters, insufficient testing and research have been done to justify inclusion of the corresponding testing and calculating procedures.

1.5 The heat release rate is determined by the principle of oxygen consumption calorimetry, via measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and flow rate in the exhaust product stream (exhaust duct). The procedure is specified in 11.1. Smoke development is quantified by measuring the obscuration of light by the combustion product stream (exhaust duct).

1.6 Specimens are exposed to a constant heating flux in the range of 0 to 50 kW/m ² in a vertical orientation. Hot wires are used to ignite the combustible vapors from the specimen during the ignition and heat release tests. The assessment of the parameters associated with flame spread requires the use of line burners instead of hot wire ignitors.

1.6.1 Heat release measurements at low heat flux levels ( 10 kW/m ² ) require special considerations as described in Section A1.1.6.

1.7 This test method has been developed for evaluations, design, or research and development of materials, products, or assemblies, for mathematical fire modeling, or for research and development. The specimen shall be tested in thicknesses and configurations representative of actual end product or system uses.

1.8 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section .

1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.

1.11 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Specific information about hazard is given in Section 7.

1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke

E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

E176 Terminology of Fire Standards

E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

E800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires

E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile Method

E1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties

E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

ASTM Proposal

P147 Proposed Method for Room Fire Tests of Wall and Ceiling Materials and Assemblies Discontinued; see 1983 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 04.07.

ISO Standards

Keywords

effective specific heat; effective thermal conductivity; emissivity; heat release rate; ignitability; intermediate scale calorimeter; mass loss rate; oxygen consumption method; smoke release rate; surface temperature; Effective heat of combustion; Effective specific heat; Combustion; Effective thermal conductivity; Emissivity; Equations; Exhaust system design; Fire testing--building materials; Heat release; Ignition--building materials; Infrared pyrometer; Intermediate scale calorimeter (ICAL); Mass loss testing; Oxygen consumption; Radiant heat panels; Smoke release rate; Surface temperature; Thermal conductance/conductivity; Time to ignition (t ig ) ;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 13.220.50 (Fire-resistance of building materials and elements); 91.100.01 (Construction materials)

DOI: 10.1520/E1623-03A

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.