Significance and Use

Pentane insolubles can include oil-insoluble materials and some oil-insoluble resinous matter originating from oil or additive degradation, or both.

Toluene insoluble materials can come from ( 1 ) external contamination, ( 2 ) fuel carbon and highly carbonized materials from degradation of fuel, oil, and additives, or ( 3 ) engine wear and corrosion materials.

A significant change in pentane insolubles, toluene insolubles (with or without coagulant), and insoluble resins indicates a change in oil which could lead to lubrication system problems.

Insolubles measured can also assist in evaluating the performance characteristics of a used oil or in determining the cause of equipment failure.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentane and toluene insolubles in used lubricating oils.

1.2 Procedure A covers the determination of insolubles without the use of coagulant in the pentane. It provides an indication of the materials that can readily be separated from the oil-solvent mixtures by centrifuging.

1.3 Procedure B covers the determination of insolubles in oils containing detergents and employs a coagulant for both the pentane and toluene insolubles. In addition to the materials separated by using Procedure A, this coagulation procedure separates some finely divided materials that may be suspended in the oil.

Note 1Results obtained by Procedures A and B should not be compared since they usually give different values. The same procedure should be employed when comparing values obtained periodically on an oil in use or when comparing results determined by two or more laboratories.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and 9.1.1.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D1193 Specification for Reagent Water

D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

Keywords

insoluble resins; insolubles; lubricating oil; pentane insolubles; toluene insolubles; used; Insoluble matter content--petroleum products; Lubricating oils; Pentane-insolubles content; Resin content; Toluene--petroleum products; Toluene insolubles (TI); Used lubricating oils

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products)

DOI: 10.1520/D0893-12

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D893