Significance and Use

In using Practice D3960 to measure the VOC content of waterborne coatings, precision tends to be poor for low VOC content air-dry coatings when the VOC weight fraction is determined indirectly. The present method first identifies and then quantifies the weight fraction of individual VOCs directly in air-dry coatings. The total VOC weight fraction can be obtained by adding the individual weight fraction values (Note 4).

Note 4The present method may be used to speciate solvent-borne air-dry coatings. However, since these normally contain high, and often complex, quantities of solvent, precision tends to be better using the methods contained in Practice D3960 , where the VOC fraction is determined by a direct weight loss determination.

SPME/GC makes it possible to identify very low levels of volatile compounds in a coating and could serve to make it possible to identify the presence of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs).

1. Scope

1.1 This test method is for the determination of the weight percent of individual volatile organic compounds in air-dry coatings.

1.2 The method can be used to determine the weight fraction VOC content of waterborne coatings in which the material VOC content is below 5 weight percent. The method has been used successfully with higher VOC content waterborne coatings and with solvent-borne coatings (Note 1).

1.3 The method may also be used to measure the exempt volatile organic compound content (acetone, methyl acetate, t-butyl acetate and p-chlorobezotrifluoride) of waterborne and solvent-borne coatings. The methodology is virtually identical to that used in Test Method D6133 which, as written, is specific for only exempt volatile compounds.

1.4 Volatile compounds that are present at the 0.005 weight percent level or greater can be determined.

Note 1This test method may be used for the VOC analysis of coatings containing silanes, siloxanes, and silane-siloxane blends. The test method is not suitable for the analysis of coatings that cure by chemical reaction (this includes two-component coatings and coatings which cure when heated) because dilution with a solvent would impede the chemical reaction required for these types of coatings. This test method measures the VOC weight fraction of air-dry coatings directly as opposed to the methods of Practice D3960 which measure the VOC weight fraction of air-dry waterborne coatings indirectly. A direct measurement of VOC weight fraction, particularly in low VOC content waterborne coatings, generally gives better precision. California Polytechnic State University carried out an extensive study for the California Air Resources Board comparing the precision of the direct method with the indirect method (CARB Standard Agreement No. 04.329). This study may be used to decide if the present method or the methods of Practice D3960 are preferred as an analysis method for obtaining the best possible precision for measuring the mass-based VOC content of a specific coating.

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings

D3792 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph

D3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings

D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Method

D6133 Test Method for Acetone, p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride, Methyl Acetate or t-Butyl Acetate Content of Solventborne and Waterborne Paints, Coatings, Resins, and Raw Materials by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph

E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods

E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

Keywords

exempt organic compounds; gas chromatography; speciation; VOC (volatile organic compound); waterborne coatings;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis)

DOI: 10.1520/D6886-12

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D6886