1. Scope

1.1 This guide provides personnel who have a limited microbiological background with an understanding of the symptoms, occurrence, and consequences of chronic microbial contamination. The guide also suggests means for detection and control of microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems. This guide applies primarily to gasoline, aviation, boiler, industrial gas turbine, diesel, marine, furnace fuels and blend stocks (see Specifications D396 , D910 , D975 , D1655 , D2069 , D2880 , D3699 , D4814 , D6227 , and D6751 ), and fuel systems. However, the principles discussed herein also apply generally to crude oil and all liquid petroleum fuels. ASTM Manual 47 provides a more detailed treatment of the concepts introduced in this guide; it also provides a compilation of all of the standards referenced herein that are not found in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Section Five on Petroleum Products and Lubricants.

1.2 This guide is not a compilation of all of the concepts and terminology used by microbiologists, but it does provide a general understanding of microbial fuel contamination.

1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test

D396 Specification for Fuel Oils

D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

D515 Test Method for Phosphorus In Water

D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration

D888 Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water

D910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines

D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration

D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water

D1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water

D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water

D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

D1331 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface-Active Agents

D1426 Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water

D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels

D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent

D1976 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

D2068 Test Method for Determining Filter Blocking Tendency

D2069 Specification for Marine Fuels

D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)

D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling

D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils

D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation Turbine Fuels

D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels

D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel

D3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil Samples

D3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identification of Waterborne Oils

D3328 Test Methods for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Gas Chromatography

D3414 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Infrared Spectroscopy

D3699 Specification for Kerosine

D3867 Test Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water

D3870 Practice for Establishing Performance Characteristics for Colony Counting Methods in Microbiology

D4012 Test Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Content of Microorganisms in Water

D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)

D4412 Test Methods for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Water and Water-Formed Deposits

D4418 Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines

D4454 Test Method for Simultaneous Enumeration of Total and Respiring Bacteria in Aquatic Systems by Microscopy

D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures

D4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)

D4870 Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels

D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

D5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure

D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration

D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration

D6227 Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon Component

D6426 Test Method for Determining Filterability of Middle Distillate Fuel Oils

D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

D6974 Practice for Enumeration of Viable Bacteria and Fungi in Liquid Fuels--Filtration and Culture Procedures

D7463 Test Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Content of Microorganisms in Fuel, Fuel/Water Mixtures and Fuel Associated Water

D7464 Practice for Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing

E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods

E1259 Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in Liquid Fuels Boiling Below 390C

E1326 Guide for Evaluating Nonconventional Microbiological Tests Used for Enumerating Bacteria

Other Standards

Government Standards

Energy Institute Standards

Keywords

biocides; biodegradation; biodeterioration; biological contamination; contamination; fuel quality; microbial contamination; microbially influenced corrosion; microbiological testing; sampling;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 27.060.10 (Liquid and solid fuel burners); 43.060.40 (Fuel systems)

DOI: 10.1520/D6469-08E01

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