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Description of ASTM-D5739 2013ASTM D5739 - 06(2013)Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass SpectrometryActive Standard ASTM D5739 | Developed by Subcommittee: D19.06 Book of Standards Volume: 11.02 ASTM D5739Significance and Use 4.1 This practice is useful for assessing the source for an oil spill. Other less complex analytical procedures (Test Methods D3328 , D3414 , D3650 , and D5037 ) may provide all of the necessary information for ascertaining an oil spill source; however, the use of a more complex analytical strategy may be necessary in certain difficult cases, particularly for significantly weathered oils. This practice provides the user with a means to this end. 4.1.1 This practice presumes that a screening of possible suspect sources has already occurred using less intensive techniques. As a result, this practice focuses directly on the generation of data using preselected targeted compound classes. These targets are both petrogenic and pyrogenic and can constitute both major and minor fractions of petroleum oils; they were chosen in order to develop a practice that is universally applicable to petroleum oil identification in general and is also easy to handle and apply. This practice can accommodate light oils and cracked products (exclusive of gasoline) on the one hand, as well as residual oils on the other. 4.1.2 This practice provides analytical characterizations of petroleum oils for comparison purposes. Certain classes of source-specific chemical compounds are targeted in this qualitative comparison; these target compounds are both unique descriptors of an oil and chemically resistant to environmental degradation. Spilled oil can be assessed in this way as being similar or different from potential source samples by the direct visual comparison of specific extracted ion chromatograms (EICs). In addition, other, more weathering-sensitive chemical compound classes can also be examined in order to crudely assess the degree of weathering undergone by an oil spill sample. 4.2 This practice simply provides a means of making qualitative comparisons between petroleum samples; quantitation of the various chemical components is not addressed. 1. Scope 1.1 This practice covers the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to analyze and compare petroleum oil spills and suspected sources. 1.2 The probable source for a spill can be ascertained by the examination of certain unique compound classes that also demonstrate the most weathering stability. To a greater or lesser degree, certain chemical classes can be anticipated to chemically alter in proportion to the weathering exposure time and severity, and subsequent analytical changes can be predicted. This practice recommends various classes to be analyzed and also provides a guide to expected weatheringinduced analytical changes. 1.3 This practice is applicable for moderately to severely degraded petroleum oils in the distillate range from diesel through Bunker C; it is also applicable for all crude oils with comparable distillation ranges. This practice may have limited applicability for some kerosenes, but it is not useful for gasolines. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM Standards D1129 Terminology Relating to Water D3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil Samples D3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identification of Waterborne Oils D3328 Test Methods for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Gas Chromatography D3414 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Infrared Spectroscopy D3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne Oils D3650 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils By Fluorescence Analysis D5037 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by High Performance Liquid Chromatography E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships Keywords anthracenes; dibenzothiophenes; extracted ion chromatogram; fused-ring aromatics; gas chromatography; identification; mass spectrometry; naphthalenes; oil spill; phenanthrenes; selected ion monitoring; steranes; triterpanes; weathering ; ICS Code ICS Number Code 71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis) DOI: 10.1520/D5739-06R13 ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM D5739This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
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About ASTMASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence. ASTM’s leadership in international standards development is driven by the contributions of its members: more than 30,000 of the world’s top technical experts and business professionals representing 150 countries. Working in an open and transparent process and using ASTM’s advanced electronic infrastructure, ASTM members deliver the test methods, specifications, guides, and practices that support industries and governments worldwide. |
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