1. Scope

1.1 This practice describes procedures commonly used in the paint industry to formulate paints and coating materials. It describes procedures for calculating formulation values for weight solids, volume solids, solvent content, volatile organic compound (VOC) content, and density of liquid paints and coatings. These values are calculated from basic formulation data. These calculations may be related to either as-supplied (unreduced) or as-applied (reduced) coating materials, including multicomponent types.

1.2 These calculated, formulation-based values may or may not be acceptable for VOC regulatory purposes, depending on the specific wording of the applicable regulation. Some regulations require analysis of the coating. Some rules allow the use of formulation data, however, some adjustments may be needed to the values calculated in this practice before they are used for regulatory purposes (see 4.3).

Note 1--Where required, use EPA Reference Method 24 and ASTM standards listed, or state regulatory requirements (see EPA 450/3-88-018 and 40 CFR 51.100).

1.3 For purposes of this practice, it is assumed that solvents evaporate and the materials that remain are identified as coating solids. For example, solvents are normally used to adjust viscosity for application and appearance of the coating. Other liquid materials, such as plasticizers, that are expected to be retained in the dried film to affect the final physical properties should be classified as part of the coating solids. Standards such as Test Methods D2369, D4758 and Guide D2832 may be used to determine volatile or nonvolatile content of specific components. For purposes of this practice it is assumed that the blended formulation behaves as an ideal solution with no volume change on mixing (see 6.2).

1.4 Volatile by-products of cross-linking reactions (cure volatiles) are not considered in these calculations since the object of this practice is to define paint physical constants based on formulation information. Variations in raw materials and variations in the production processes are not taken into account in these calculations.

1.5 The values shown in this method are stated in English inch-pound units as commonly used in the United States. However, they may be readily converted into SI units, if required by the user (for example, see Note 3).

1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard for this specific practice. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments

D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products

D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings

D2832 Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Paint and Related Coatings

D3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings

D4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes

D5403 Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials

E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Documents

Keywords

density; formulation; HAP; hazardous air pollutant; physical constants; solids content; VOC; volatile organic compound; Solvents--paints/related coatings/materials; Weight solids; Calculating test values; Density--paints/related coatings/materials; Formulation physical constants; Physical analysis/characterization; Solid phase materials--paints/related coatings/materials; Solventborne paints/coatings; Volatile organic compounds (VOC)--paints/related coatings; Volume solids;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 87.040 (Paints and varnishes)

DOI: 10.1520/D5201-97

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.