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Description of ASTM-D4449 2008ASTM D4449 - 08Standard Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differences Between Surfaces of Similar AppearanceActive Standard ASTM D4449 | Developed by Subcommittee: E12.11 Book of Standards Volume: 06.01 ASTM D4449Significance and Use Gloss is associated with the capacity of a surface to reflect more light in some directions than in others. The directions associated with mirror (or specular) reflection normally have the highest reflectances. Gloss is best seen and analyzed when the surfaces studied are illuminated by a light source that provides strong contrasting patterns of light and dark. Such a light source is described in this test method. The simplest concept of gloss is that it corresponds to the mirror-like reflectances of surfaces. However, the distributions and intensities of this surface-reflected light are (for real materials) highly variable and affected by a variety of factors: surface smoothness and contour, refractive index, absorptance, angle of incidence, and (to a generally small extent) wavelength. From the great variety of surface-reflection patterns met in materials of commerce, it has been possible to identify seven surface-reflection criteria or types of gloss regularly used by skilled technologists for intercomparing and rating their products for gloss. Six of the seven criteria, or types of gloss, are identified in the section on definitions. The seventh, luster or contrast gloss, is seldom of concern to the coatings industry. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the visual evaluation of gloss differences of coating surfaces, using special types of lamps for illumination. It identifies six aspects or types of gloss that one may look for when using the lamp to assess gloss differences between surfaces. It describes the conditions for using the lamps to best identify small differences in each of the six types of gloss. Four levels of visual gloss differences are distinguished. 1.2 While this technique is useful for both weathered and unweathered specimens, it has not been applied to metallics. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM Standards D3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for Appearance Measurements E284 Terminology of Appearance Keywords distinctness of image; gloss; haze; visual gloss; Reflectance and reflectivity--paints/related coatings/materials; Surface analysis--paints/related coatings/materials; Visual examination--paints/related coatings/materials; Absorption; Angle of incidence; Directionality of surface; Gloss; Hunter appearance; Light transmission and reflection; Photometry; Refractive index; Texture; ICS Code ICS Number Code 87.040 (Paints and varnishes) DOI: 10.1520/D4449-08 ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM D4449The following editions for this book are also available...This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
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About ASTMASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence. ASTM’s leadership in international standards development is driven by the contributions of its members: more than 30,000 of the world’s top technical experts and business professionals representing 150 countries. Working in an open and transparent process and using ASTM’s advanced electronic infrastructure, ASTM members deliver the test methods, specifications, guides, and practices that support industries and governments worldwide. |
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