MADCAD.com - The Cloud-Based Reference Library

- Free Trial - Webinar - Feedback

Cart (0)

No items in cart.

Total

There is a technical issue about last added item. You can click "Report to us" button to let us know and we resolve the issue and return back to you or you can continue without last item via click to continue button.

Home

Content

eLibrary

Not a subscriber? Register for a trial account.

Username:
Password:

Incorrect username/password.

Already a subscriber?

MADCAD.com Free Trial

Sign up for a 3 day free trial to explore the MADCAD.com interface, PLUS access the
2009 International Building Code to see how it all works.

If you like to setup a quick demo, let us know at support@madcad.com
or +1 800.798.9296 and we will be happy to schedule a webinar for you.

Email *
Password *
Confirm *
First Name *
Last Name *
Title
Company Name *
Company Size *
Industry *
Address *
Address 2
City *
State *	Zip *
Country *
Phone *
How did you hear about MADCAD.com? *

Print page(s), starting from page (current page)

Continue to Print

Reset password

Enter your personal account email address to request
a password reset:

Reset password

Enter your account email address to request
a password reset:

Save As:

Are you sure you want to delete this group?

Security check

Please check the following box:

Please login to your personal account to use this feature.

Email:

Password:

Forgot your password?

Remember me for one month

Need a login? Register now.

Please login to your authorized staff account to use this feature.

Username:

Password:

Are you sure you want to empty the cart?

There were no books found for the applied search filters.

CLICK TO START OVER

Report To Us

Please fill the form below so that we can contact you.

Full name*
Email*
Phone

Contact us for a custom quote

Please fill the form below and a member of our staff will contact you shortly. The contents of your cart will automatically be sent to us so we can provide an accurate custom quote.

Company*
Full name*
Email*
Phone

⨯To continue with accurate pricing,
please select your company type below:

Large goverment organizations

Large multi-national corporation (more than $5B annual revenue)

None of the above

Your company has a special pricing case for IEEE.
For pricing, please contact us by filling out the form.

Full name*
Email*
Phone
Your selection

⨯We need your input!

Are you a code official in a jurisdiction with less than 300,000 population?

Yes No

This item is only available for the code officials of jurisdictions less then 300K population.

If you do not meet the criteria item will be removed and you will be able to continue shopping other items.

⨯ We need your input!

Your company has a special pricing case for ASME.
Please make sure the information you provide below is accurate.

Company Industry
Number Of Employees
Revenue

Pricing for the ASME publications in the store is for a 1-4 employee company in Construction Industry with revenue under $500,000.
If correct company info does not match what is publicly available info we will suspend the access and contact you for correction.
Please call 1-800-798-9296 if you have any questions.
If your company has more than 5,000 employee or more than 500 mil revenue please email us at info@madcad.com to receive a special quote, use "ASME Quote" on the subject line.

Cart Warning

eLibrary > ASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide: Planning and Operation of Laboratory HVAC Systems, 2nd Ed. >

ASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide: Planning and Operation of Laboratory HVAC Systems, 2nd Ed., 2015

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations and Acronyms
1 - Introduction [Go to Page]
Overview
Organization
Reference Sources [Go to Page]
Professional Associations and Societies
Research Institutions
Government Offices and Regulators
Design Forums and Publications
Related ASHRAE Technical Committees (TCs)
References
2 - Background [Go to Page]
Overview
Laboratory Types [Go to Page]
Biological Laboratories
Chemical Laboratories
Physical Laboratories
Support Spaces
Laboratory Equipment [Go to Page]
Fume Hoods
Biological Safety Cabinets
Flammable and Solvent Storage Cabinets
References
3 - Design Process [Go to Page]
Overview
Design Requirements [Go to Page]
Code Compliance and Industry Standards
Risk Assessment
IAQ Requirements
System Sizing [Go to Page]
Table 3-1 Sample Format for Documenting Airflow Requirements
Table 3-2 Basis of Design Documentation
Figure 3-1 Laboratory Equipment Loads
Figure 3-2 Pressure- Mapping Process
System Selection
Vibration, Acoustical, and Seismic Requirements
Air Treatment
Stack Design Criteria
Energy Recovery Options
Control Strategies
TAB and Certification Requirements
O&M Requirements
Commissioning Integration
Economic Evaluation
Special Requirements for Microbiological and Biomedical laboratories
Assessing Ventilation Effectiveness
Sustainability Goals and Strategies
References
4 - Laboratory Planning [Go to Page]
Overview
Risk Assessment
Environmental Requirements [Go to Page]
Temperature
Humidity
Air Quality
Vibration
Appliances and Occupancy [Go to Page]
Appliance Loads
Lighting
Occupants
Pressure Relationships [Go to Page]
Figure 4-1 Pressure Relationship Terminology
Negative Pressure Room
Positive Pressure Room
Neutral Pressure Room
Anteroom
Transfer Air
Ventilation and IAQ [Go to Page]
Supply Air/Exhaust Air Treatment Requirements
Laboratory Codes, Standards, and References
Integration of Architecture and Engineered Systems [Go to Page]
Building Concept [Go to Page]
Table 4-1 Summary of Codes, Standards, and References Pertaining to Laboratories
Utility Distribution
Laboratory Layout Approaches
Specific Layout Issues
Development of Planning Documents
References
5 - Exhaust Hoods [Go to Page]
Overview [Go to Page]
Defining Exhaust Hoods
Types of Exhaust Hoods [Go to Page]
Chemical Fume Hoods [Go to Page]
Figure 5-1 Typical Components of a Fume Hood
Figure 5-2 Typical Sash Configurations
Biological Safety Cabinets [Go to Page]
Figure 5-3 Class I BSC
Figure 5-4 Class II Type A1 BSC
Figure 5-5 Class II Type A2 BSC
Figure 5-6 Thimble Connection for Class II Type A1 and A2 BSCs
Figure 5-7 Class II Type B1 BSC
Figure 5-8 Class II Type B2 BSC
Figure 5-9 Class III BSC
Other Hood Types [Go to Page]
Figure 5-10 Slot Hood
Figure 5-11 Canopy Hood
Figure 5-12 Snorkel
Selection of Exhaust Hoods [Go to Page]
Figure 5-13 Exhaust Hood Selection Matrix
Constant Volume versus Variable Air Volume
Energy Efficiency
Hood Performance Verification and Continuous Monitoring [Go to Page]
ASHRAE Standard 110
ANSI/AIHA/ASSE Z9.5
Other Sources of Information
References
6 - Primary Air Systems [Go to Page]
Overview
Zone Air Distribution [Go to Page]
Room Air Velocities
Relative Device Locations
Device Types [Go to Page]
Figure 6-1 Generic Air Jet Characteristics
Figure 6-2 Nondirectional versus Laminar Flow
Figure 6-3 Perforated Supply Systems
Figure 6-4 Sectional View
Figure 6-5 Plan View
Table 6-1 T50/L Ranges
Figure 6-6 Layout of Laboratory and Diffuser Selection
Figure 6-7 Misapplication of Diffuser Layout
Off-Peak Loads and Balancing
Zone Heating [Go to Page]
Baseboard Heating [Go to Page]
Figure 6-8 Zone Heating Options
Radiant Panel Heating
Supply Air Heating
Exhaust Air System [Go to Page]
Figure 6-9 Typical Laboratory Module
Figure 6-10 Air Systems in a Typical Laboratory
Determine Type of Exhaust System [Go to Page]
Figure 6-11 Constant-Volume Laboratory Ventilation Control
Figure 6-12 Generic Airflow Controller
Figure 6-13 VAV Laboratory Ventilation Control
Determine Separation of Exhaust System
Accomplish Duct Layout and Design [Go to Page]
Figure 6-14 Dedicated Exhaust Systems—Single-Story Building
Figure 6-15 Dedicated Exhaust Systems—Multistory Building
Figure 6-16 Manifolded Exhaust System—Pressure Dependent
Figure 6-17 Manifolded Exhaust System—Pressure Independent
Figure 6-18 Manifolded Exhaust System—Single-Story Building
Figure 6-19 Manifolded Exhaust System—Multistory Building
Accomplish Fume Exhaust Stack Design
Select Fume Exhaust Fans [Go to Page]
Figure 6-20 Exhaust Fan Pressure Relationships
Figure 6-21 Centrifugal Fan Isometric
Table 6-2 Centrifugal Fan Type Application
Figure 6-22 Centrifugal Fan Performance Characteristics
Figure 6-23 Direct-Drive In-Line Bifurcated Mixed-Flow Fan
Figure 6-24 Mixed-Flow Fan Performance
Figure 6-25 Fan-Powered Venturi for Perchloric Acid Fume Hoods
Figure 6-26 Centrifugal Induced Draft Dilution Fan
Figure 6-27 In-Line Mixed-Flow Induced Draft Dilution Fan
Figure 6-28 Typical VAV Exhaust Control Components
Figure 6-29 Laboratory Exhaust Fan Bypass Air Plenum
Figure 6-30 Isolation and Bypass Dampers
Supply Air System [Go to Page]
Verify Supply Air Quantity [Go to Page]
Table 6-3 Exhaust and Supply Air Systems
Select Specific System Type [Go to Page]
Figure 6-31 Constant-Volume Terminal Reheat System
Figure 6-32 Central Triple-Deck Multizone AHU
Figure 6-33 Multizone Constant-Volume System
Figure 6-34 Typical Laboratory VAV System
Figure 6-35 Single-Duct VAV System
Figure 6-36 Typical Dual-Duct VAV System
Figure 6-37 Typical Unitary System Layout
Figure 6-38 Active Beam
Figure 6-39 Passive Beam
Evaluate Need for Auxiliary Air Supply [Go to Page]
Table 6-4 Auxiliary Air Heating Options
Figure 6-40 Auxiliary Air Impact on Space Conditions
Select Air-Handling Unit [Go to Page]
Figure 6-41 Typical AHU
Table 6-5 Laboratory Filtration Options
Figure 6-42 Plenum Fan Array
Determine Control Strategy
Duct Construction [Go to Page]
General Parameters [Go to Page]
Table 6-6 SMACNA Duct Sealing Classes
Table 6-7 Applicable Leakage Rates
Table 6-8 Leakage as a Percentage of Airflow
Figure 6-43 Duct Leakage Testing Apparatus
Table 6-9 Chemical-Resistant Properties and Flame Ratings
Table 6-10 Exhaust Duct Velocities
Energy Efficiency [Go to Page]
Fan System Efficiency [Go to Page]
Table 6-11 Potential for Fan Energy Savings in Traditional Laboratory Designs
Airflow
System Pressure Drop
Air Recirculation
Heat Recovery
Reduced Room Ventilation Rates
References
Bibliography
7 - Process Cooling [Go to Page]
Overview
Types of Water-Cooled Loads [Go to Page]
Lasers
Centrifuges
Vacuum and Diffusion Pumps
Other
Water Treatment and Quality Requirements
Temperature and Pressure Requirements
System Pumping Configurations [Go to Page]
System Basics
Pumping Subsystems
Systems Design Procedure
References
8 - Air Treatment [Go to Page]
Overview
Requirements for Acceptable and Safe Levels of Pollutants [Go to Page]
Allowable Concentration Limits [Go to Page]
Table 8-1 Estimated Emission Rates and Health Thresholds for Selected Chemicals
Consequences of Exposure to Excessive Concentrations
Air Treatment Technologies [Go to Page]
Fan-Powered Dilution
Filtration [Go to Page]
Figure 8-1 Typical Fibrous Media Unit Filters
Figure 8-2 Typical Filter Housing
Scrubbing
Condensing
Oxidation
References
Bibliography
9 - Exhaust Stack Design [Go to Page]
Overview
Elements of Stack Design [Go to Page]
Stack Design Parameters [Go to Page]
Figure 9-1 Plume Rise
Table 9-1 Terrain Factors
Figure 9-2 Stack Downwash
Figure 9-3 Wind Calculation from Meteorological Station to the Point of Interest
Airflow Around Buildings [Go to Page]
Figure 9-4 Flow Patterns around Rectangular Buildings
Figure 9-5 Adjacent Building Effect on Stack Plume
Figure 9-6 Exhaust Plume Impacting the Side Wall of a Neighboring Downwind Taller Building
Figure 9-7 Exhaust Plume Caught in the Wake of a Neighboring Upwind Taller Building
Design Issues [Go to Page]
Figure 9-8 Best, Good, and Poor Exhaust Stack Design
Causes of Problems [Go to Page]
Figure 9-9 Turbulent and Recirculating Zones on a Building
Figure 9-10 Flow Patterns around Two Buildings
Dispersion Modeling [Go to Page]
Emissions Characterization
Dispersion Models
References
Bibliography
10 - Energy Recovery [Go to Page]
Overview
Air-to-Air Energy Recovery [Go to Page]
Sensible Energy Recovery Equipment [Go to Page]
Figure 10-1 Runaround Loop Recovery System
Figure 10-2 Heat Pipe Recovery System
Figure 10-3 Heat Pipe Operation
Figure 10-4 Heat Wheel Recovery System
Figure 10-5 Fixed-Plate Heat Exchanger Recovery System
Figure 10-6 Sealed-Tube Thermosiphon Recovery System
Figure 10-7 Coil Loop Thermosiphon Recovery System
Figure 10-8 Reverse-Flow Plate Exchanger Recovery System
Enthalpic Energy Recovery Processes
Water-to-Air Energy Recovery [Go to Page]
Refrigeration Machine Energy Recovery [Go to Page]
Figure 10-9 Psychrometrics of Evaporative Cooling
Condenser Water Energy Recovery [Go to Page]
Figure 10-10 Dual- Condenser System
Figure 10-11 Double-Bundle and Dual- Condenser System Arrangement
Hot-Water Waste Energy Recovery
Selection Parameters [Go to Page]
Table 10-1 Comparison of Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Devices
Laboratory Requirements
Climate
Exhaust and Supply Locations
Economics
References
11 - Controls [Go to Page]
Overview
Constant-Volume versus Variable-Air-Volume Fume Hood Control
Air Control Devices [Go to Page]
Airflow Measurement Devices [Go to Page]
Table 11-1 Pressure Transducer Errors
Source Containment and Exhaust Device Controls [Go to Page]
Fume Hoods [Go to Page]
Figure 11-1 Typical Constant- Volume Fume Hood
Figure 11-2 Typical Control Schematic for Constant- Volume Fume Hood
Figure 11-3 Typical Control Schematic for VAV Fume Hood with Sidewall Face Velocity Sensor
Figure 11-4 Typical Control Schematic for VAV Fume Hood with Sash Position Sensor
Other Exhaust Devices [Go to Page]
Figure 11-5 Typical Control Schematic for Two-Position Snorkel
Figure 11-6 Typical Control Schematic for BSC
Figure 11-7 Typical Control Schematic for Flammable and Solvent Storage Cabinet
Figure 11-8 Typical Control Schematic for Canopy Hood Used for Direct Exhausting
General Laboratory Exhaust
Room Pressurization Control [Go to Page]
Figure 11-9 Room Pressurization to Prevent Contamination Spread
Figure 11-10 Leakage Area versus Flow Rate
Direct Pressure Control [Go to Page]
Figure 11-11 Typical Control Schematic for Direct Pressure Control
Volumetric Offset Control [Go to Page]
Figure 11-12 Typical Control Schematic for Volumetric Offset Control
Figure 11-13 Specifying Control Components for Volumetric Offset
Cascade Control
Dilution Ventilation and Minimum Ventilation Rates [Go to Page]
Figure 11-14 Typical Control Schematic for Cascade Control
Unoccupied Setback Control of Minimum Ventilation Rates
Demand-Based Control [Go to Page]
Figure 11-15 HVAC Energy Use Breakdown
Room Temperature Control [Go to Page]
Hydronic Room Cooling [Go to Page]
Figure 11-16 Typical Cross Section of an Active Beam
Central System Level Control [Go to Page]
Air-Handling Unit
Exhaust Fans
Emergency Modes of Operation
Animal Facilities
References
12 - Airflow Patterns and Testing Procedures [Go to Page]
Overview
Airflow Patterns and Direction [Go to Page]
Minimizing the Spread of Contaminants [Go to Page]
Figure 12-1 Flow from Clean to Dirty
Determining the Proper Airflow Pattern [Go to Page]
Figure 12-2 Conflicting Airflow to Fume Hoods
Figure 12-3 Acceptability of Air Transfer
Air Introduction
Special Requirements for Critical Systems
Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing [Go to Page]
Air and Hydronic System Balancing
Ductwork pressure Testing
Equipment Balancing
General TAB Standards
Laboratory Testing Requirements [Go to Page]
Figure 12-4 Periodic Laboratory Equipment and System Testing
Fume Hood Face Velocity and Performance Testing
Biological Safety Cabinet Performance Testing
Verification of Room Pressurization
References
13 - O&M for Ventilation and Exhaust Systems [Go to Page]
Overview
Maintenance of Equipment and Systems [Go to Page]
Fume Hoods
Biological Safety Cabinets
Ventilation and Exhaust Systems
Decontamination of Existing Laboratories
Cost Information [Go to Page]
Operation Cost
Energy Cost
Maintenance Cost
Training [Go to Page]
Maintenance Staff
Occupants
References
14 - Laboratory Commissioning Process [Go to Page]
Overview
Commissioning Process
Predesign Phase [Go to Page]
Establishing Project Goals and Expectations
Commissioning Plan
Design Phase [Go to Page]
Basis of Design
Construction Documents
Construction Phase [Go to Page]
Mock-Ups
Construction Checklists
Review of Submittals
System Verification
Acceptance Phase [Go to Page]
Control System
Exhaust Hoods and Systems
Occupancy and Operations Phase [Go to Page]
Documentation
Training
Audits of Laboratory Systems
Ongoing Commissioning
Commissioning of Existing Buildings (Retrocommissioning)
References
15 - HVAC System Economics [Go to Page]
Overview
Initial Cost [Go to Page]
Central Air-Handling Equipment
Exhaust System Equipment
Life-Cycle Cost [Go to Page]
Cost Factors
Example LCCA Calculation
16 - Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories [Go to Page]
Overview
Introduction to Biological Containment [Go to Page]
Elements
Risk Assessment
Containment Barriers
Reference Standards and Design Guidelines
Definitions
Biosafety Level Classification [Go to Page]
Figure 16-1 Four Biosafety Levels
Figure 16-2 Four Biosafety Laboratory Levels
(A)BSL-1
(A)BSL-2
(A)BSL-3 [Go to Page]
Figure 16-3 Scientist Examining Specimens in a BSL-3 Laboratory
BSL-3Ag (BSL-3 AGRICULTURAL LARGE-ANIMAL FACILITIES) [Go to Page]
Figure 16-4 Heat Treatment EDS Schematic
BSL-4 [Go to Page]
Figure 16-5 Essential Features of a BSL-4 Facility
Figure 16-6 Components of a Class III BSC
Figure 16-7 Layers of Containment in a BSL-4 Suit Laboratory
Figure 16-8 Inflatable-Gasket APR Door System
Figure 16-9 Laboratory Technicians Working in a BSL-4 Suit Laboratory
Figure 16-10 Typical Chemical Shower
Figure 16-11 Double HEPA Laboratory Exhaust Filtration System
Containable Spaces
Users’ Program Requirements [Go to Page]
Figure 16-12 Animal Facility Diagrammatic Model Showing Basic Flows and Relationships
Engineering Considerations [Go to Page]
Systems Overview
Ventilation Rates
Space Pressurization and Airflow
Solid Waste Decontamination Methods
System Redundancy Measures
Air Distribution
Operational Considerations
Special Animal Considerations [Go to Page]
Operational and Safety Protocols
Ventilated Cage Rack Systems [Go to Page]
Figure 16-13 A Typical Cage Rack System for Mice
Environmental Conditions
Sanitation and Cleanability
References
Bibliography
17 - CFD Modeling of Laboratory Ventilation [Go to Page]
Overview
Uses of CFD in Laboratories [Go to Page]
Design of Supply Diffusers [Go to Page]
Figure 17-1 Example Room Layout
Figure 17-2 Comparison of Two Diffuser Configurations to Ideal Uniform Supply
Thermal Comfort and Cooling Requirements
Other Safety and Comfort Issues
Introduction to CFD Modeling [Go to Page]
Figure 17-3 Example CFD Output— Single Cross-Section of Velocities
Types of CFD Models
Typical Stages in CFD Computations
Recommendations for Conducting CFD Modeling
Interpreting CFD Results [Go to Page]
Ventilation Effectiveness and Age of Air [Go to Page]
Figure 17-4 Incorrect Modeling of Supply Momentum
Figure 17-5 Corrected Momentum to Match Diffuser Throw Data
Thermal Comfort
Fume Hood Leakage
Room Air Currents
Concentration Levels from a Spill or Vapor Release
References
18 - Sustainable Design [Go to Page]
Overview
High-Performance Building Design Process
Computer Modeling [Go to Page]
Energy Modeling [Go to Page]
Figure 18-1 Baseline Building Energy Use
Figure 18-2 Proposed Building Energy Use
Figure 18-3 Energy Consumption Benchmarking (kW·h/ft2/yr)
Exergy Analysis
Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Green Tips for Laboratories [Go to Page]
Minimizing Natural Resources Consumption [Go to Page]
Figure 18-4 Rainwater Recovery
Protecting the Environment
Energy Efficiency—Design [Go to Page]
Table 18-1 Effect of Reducing Air Changes
Figure 18-5 Conventional System
Figure 18-6 Modified Conventional System
Figure 18-7 Fan-Coil and Separate General Laboratory Exhaust
Figure 18-8 Active Beams and Separate General Laboratory Exhaust
Table 18-2 Example of Real Laboratory Building’s Airflow
Figure 18-9 Direct-Drive Coupling
Table 18-3 Summary of Design Practice for Laboratory HVAC Systems
Energy Efficiency—Recovery [Go to Page]
Figure 18-10 Low- Temperature Heating Loop
Energy Efficiency—Source [Go to Page]
Figure 18-11 Direct-Contact Boiler (Natural Gas)
Energy Efficiency—Controls
On-Site Energy Production
Ongoing Commissioning [Go to Page]
Operation/Description Manual
Laboratory Sustainability Checklist [Go to Page]
Figure 18-12 Airflow Tracking
Table 18-4 Laboratory Sustainability Checklist
References
Index [Go to Page]

About Us / Careers / support@madcad.com / 1.800.798.9296