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PD IEC/TR 62048:2014 Optical fibres. Reliability. Power law theory, 2014
- 30297004-VOR.pdf [Go to Page]
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Symbols
- 4 General approach
- 5 Formula types
- 6 Measuring parameters for fibre reliability [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Overview
- 6.2 Length and equivalent length
- 6.3 Reliability parameters [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 Overview
- 6.3.2 Proof-testing
- 6.3.3 Static fatigue
- 6.3.4 Dynamic fatigue
- 6.4 Parameters for the low-strength region [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 Overview
- 6.4.2 Variable proof test stress
- 6.4.3 Dynamic fatigue
- 6.5 Measured numerical values
- 7 Examples of numerical calculations [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Overview
- 7.2 Failure rate calculations [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 FIT rate formulae
- 7.2.2 Long lengths in tension
- 7.2.3 Short lengths in uniform bending
- 7.3 Lifetime calculations [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Lifetime formulae
- 7.3.2 Long lengths in tension
- 7.3.3 Short lengths in uniform bending
- 7.3.4 Short lengths with uniform bending and tension
- 8 Fibre weakening and failure [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Crack growth and weakening
- 8.2 Crack fracture
- 8.3 Features of the general results
- 8.4 Stress and strain
- 9 Fatigue testing [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Overview
- 9.2 Static fatigue
- 9.3 Dynamic fatigue [Go to Page]
- 9.3.1 Overview
- 9.3.2 Fatigue to breakage
- 9.3.3 Fatigue to a maximum stress
- 9.4 Comparisons of static and dynamic fatigue [Go to Page]
- 9.4.1 Intercepts and parameters obtained
- 9.4.2 Time duration
- 9.4.3 Dynamic and inert strengths
- 9.4.4 Plot non-linearities
- 9.4.5 Environments
- 10 Proof-testing [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Overview
- 10.2 The proof test cycle
- 10.3 Crack weakening during proof-testing
- 10.4 Minimum strength after proof-testing [Go to Page]
- 10.4.1 Overview
- 10.4.2 Fast unloading
- 10.4.3 Slow unloading
- 10.4.4 Boundary condition
- 10.5 Varying the proof test stress
- 11 Statistical description of strength by Weibull probability models [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Overview
- 11.2 Strength statistics in uniform tension [Go to Page]
- 11.2.1 Unimodal probability distribution
- 11.2.2 Bimodal probability distribution
- 11.3 Strength statistics in other geometries [Go to Page]
- 11.3.1 Stress non-uniformity
- 11.3.2 Uniform bending
- 11.3.3 Two-point bending
- 11.4 Weibull analysis for static fatigue before proof-testing
- 11.5 Weibull analysis for dynamic fatigue before proof-testing
- 11.6 Weibull distribution after proof-testing
- 11.7 Weibull analysis for static fatigue after proof-testing
- 11.8 Weibull analysis for dynamic fatigue after proof-testing
- 12 Reliability prediction [Go to Page]
- 12.1 Reliability under general stress and constant stress
- 12.2 Lifetime and failure rate from fatigue testing
- 12.3 Certain survivability after proof-testing
- 12.4 Failures in time
- 13 B-value – Elimination from formulae, and measurements [Go to Page]
- 13.1 Overview
- 13.2 Approximate Weibull distribution after proof-testing [Go to Page]
- 13.2.1 Overview
- 13.2.2 "Risky region" during proof-testing
- 13.2.3 Other approximations
- 13.3 Approximate lifetime and failure rate
- 13.4 Estimation of the B-value [Go to Page]
- 13.4.1 Overview
- 13.4.2 Fatigue intercepts
- 13.4.3 Dynamic fatigue failure stress
- 13.4.4 Obtaining the strength
- 13.4.5 Stress pulse measurement
- 13.4.6 Flaw growth measurement
- Annex A (informative) Statistical strength degradation map
- Bibliography
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Weibull dynamic fatigue plot near the proof test stress level
- Figure 2 – Instantaneous FIT rates of 1 km fibre versus time for applied stress/proof test stress percentages (bottom to top): 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %
- Figure 3 – Averaged FIT rates of 1 km fibre versus time for applied stress/proof test stress percentages (bottom to top): 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %
- Figure 4 – Instantaneous FIT rates of bent fibre with 1 m effective length versus time
- Figure 5 – Averaged FIT rates of bent fibre with 1 m effective length versus time for bend diameters (top to bottom): 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm
- Figure 6 – 1 km lifetime versus failure probability for applied stress/proof test stress percentages (top to bottom): 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %
- Figure 7 – Lifetimes of bent fibre with 1 m effective length versus failure probability for bend diameters (bottom-right to top-left): 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm
- Figure 8 – Static fatigue – Applied stress versus time for a particular applied stress
- Figure 9 – Static fatigue – Schematic data of failure time versus applied stress
- Figure 10 – Dynamic fatigue – Applied stress versus time for a particular applied stress rate
- Figure 11 – Dynamic fatigue – Schematic data of failure time versus applied stress rate
- Figure 12 – Proof-testing – Applied stress versus time
- Figure 13 – Static fatigue schematic Weibull plot
- Figure 14 – Dynamic fatigue schematic Weibull plot
- Figure A.1 – Schematic diagram of the statistical strength degradation map
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Symbols
- Table 2 –FIT rates of 1 km fibre in Figures 2 and 3 at various times
- Table 3 – FIT rates of 1 metre effective length bent fibre in Figures 4 and 5 at various times
- Table 4 – FIT rates of Table 3 neglecting stress versus strain non-linearity
- Table 5 – 1 km lifetimes in years of Figure 6 for various failure probabilities
- Table 6 – Lifetimes of bent fibre with 1 m effective length in years of Figure 7 for various failure probabilities
- Table 7 – Lifetimes in years of Table 6 neglecting stress versus strain non-linearity
- Table 8 – Calculated results in case of bend plus 30 % of proof test tension for 30 years [Go to Page]