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eLibrary > PD IEC TS 63001:2024 - TC Tracked Changes. Measurement of cavitation noise in ultrasonic baths and ultrasonic reactors >

PD IEC TS 63001:2024 - TC Tracked Changes. Measurement of cavitation noise in ultrasonic baths and ultrasonic reactors, 2024

30487612
A-30405950 [Go to Page]
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 List of symbols
5 Measurement equipment [Go to Page]
5.1 Hydrophone [Go to Page]
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Calibration of hydrophone sensitivity
5.1.3 Hydrophone properties
5.1.4 Hydrophone compatibility with environment
5.2 Analyser [Go to Page]
5.2.1 General considerations
5.2.2 Specific measurement method: inertial cavitation spectrum measurement at frequencies between harmonics of f0
5.2.3 Specific measurement method: Measurement of integrated broadband cavitation noise energy between two frequency bounds
5.2.4 Specific measurement method: cavitation noise measurement by extraction of broadband spectral components
5.3 Requirements for equipment being characterized [Go to Page]
5.3.1 Temperature and chemistry compatibility with the hydrophone
5.3.2 Electrical interference
6 Measurement procedure [Go to Page]
6.1 Reference measurements [Go to Page]
6.1.1 Control of environmental conditions for reference measurements
6.1.2 Measurement procedure for reference measurements
6.2 In-situ monitoring measurements
Annexes [Go to Page]
Annex A (informative) Background [Go to Page]
A.1 Cavitation in ultrasonic cleaning
Figures [Go to Page]
Figure A.1 – Typical setup of an ultrasonic cleaning device
Figure A.2 – Spatial distribution of the acoustic pressure level in waterin front of a 35 kHz transducer with reflections on all sides of the water bath (0,12 m × 0,3 m × 0,25 m)
Figure A.3 – Typical Fourier spectrum for sinusoidal ultrasound excitation above the cavitation threshold at an operating frequency of 35 kHz [Go to Page]
A.2 Practical considerations for measurements
Figure A.4 –Photograph of cavitation structure under the water surface at an operating frequency of 25 kHz [Go to Page]
A.3 Measurement procedure in the ultrasonic bath
Figure A.5 – Typical rectangular ultrasound signal with a frequency of 25 kHz and 50 Hz double half wave modulation [Go to Page]
A.4 Characterization methods that do not utilize the acoustic spectrum
Annex B (normative) Cavitation noise measurement between harmonics of f0 [Go to Page]
B.1 General
B.2 Measurement method
Figure B.1 – Block diagram of the measuring method of the cavitation noise level LCN
Annex C (informative) Example of cavitation noise measurement between harmonics of f0
Figure C.1 – Power dependency of the cavitation noise level LCN
Figure C.2 – Diagram with example of spectral acoustic pressure of an ultrasonic bath with an operating frequency of 46 kHz and its harmonics and sub-harmonics
Annex D (normative) Measurement of integrated broadband cavitation noise energy between two frequency bounds [Go to Page]
D.1 General
D.2 Measurement frequency range
D.3 Definition of integrated broadband cavitation noise energy
Annex E (informative) Example of measurement of integrated broadband cavitation noise energy between two frequency bounds
Figure E.1 – Schematic of the cylindrical cavitation hollow cavitation sensor [27], [28]
Figure E.2 – High-frequency spectra obtained from the cavitation sensor of the type shown in Figure E.1 [28] for a commercial ultrasonic cleaning vessel operating at 40 kHz whose nominal power setting has been changed from 5 % to 95 % of its full operating power
Figure E.3 – Variation in the integrated broadband cavitation energy derived usingthe cylindrical cavitation sensor, from the acoustic spectra shown in Figure E.2
Figure E.4 – Raster scan covering a commercial ultrasonic cleaning vessel with four transducers operating at 40 kHz
Annex F (normative) Cavitation noise measurement by extraction of broadband spectral components [Go to Page]
F.1 Compensation for extraneous noise
F.2 Features of the acoustic pressure spectrum
Figure F.1 – Schematic representation of acoustic pressure spectrum [Go to Page]
F.3 Identification of the operating frequency f0 and direct field acoustic pressure [Go to Page]
F.3.1 Identification of the operating frequency f0
F.3.2 Fit to primary peak (direct field)
F.3.3 Determination of RMS direct field acoustic pressure
F.3.4 Validation
F.4 Identification of cavitation noise components [Go to Page]
F.4.1 Subtraction of direct field component of spectrum
F.4.2 Determination of non-broadband cavitation component
F.4.3 Determination of broadband cavitation component
F.4.4 Validation
Bibliography [Go to Page]

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