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eLibrary > PAS 9980:2022 Fire risk appraisal of external wall construction and cladding of existing blocks of flats. Code of practice >

PAS 9980:2022 Fire risk appraisal of external wall construction and cladding of existing blocks of flats. Code of practice, 2022

Contents
Foreword
0 Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
4 General issues for consideration before undertaking an FRAEW
5 Principles of external fire spread
6 Legislative context
7 Principles and scope of the fire risk appraisal of external walls (FRAEW)
8 Competence of external wall assessors
9 Information required for completion of the FRAEW
10 The FRAEW site survey and inspection
11 Fire performance of different external wall materials, systems and configurations
12 Considerations for fully and partially clad buildings
13 Methodology for basic assessment of the suitability of existing external wall construction
14 Application of fire engineering analysis as part of further technical assessment
15 Scope and format of the FRAEW report
Annex A (informative) Small, intermediate and large‑scale fire tests for external wall construction
Annex B (informative) Mechanisms of fire spread and the implications for the risk posed by external wall fires
Annex C (informative) Legislative context
Annex D (informative) Requirement B4(1) (of Part B of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations 2010) and associated recommendations of Approved Document B
Annex E (informative) Fire and rescue service intervention
Annex F (informative) Risk factors arising from fire strategy/fire hazards (including fire and rescue service intervention)
Annex G (informative) Considerations in an in‑depth technical assessment using fire engineering analysis
Annex H (informative) Expected skillsets of a competent external wall assessor
Annex I (informative) Aspects of information gathering
Annex J (informative) Site survey and inspection considerations
Annex K (informative) Fire performance risk factors
Annex L (informative) Generic fire properties of external wall materials, systems and configurations
Annex M (informative) Fire performance considerations of different external wall materials, systems and configurations
Annex N (informative) Façade configuration risk factors
Annex O (informative) Case studies with working examples illustrating the use of the methodology
Annex P (informative) Some history of standards, codes of practice and guidance relevant to external wall construction
Bibliography
Annex M (informative) Fire performance considerations of different external wall materials, systems and configurations
Annex N (informative) Façade configuration risk factors
Annex O (informative) Case studies with working examples illustrating the use of the methodology
Annex P (informative) Some history of standards, codes of practice and guidance relevant to external wall construction
Bibliography
Figure 1 – Key considerations in arriving at a risk rating for external walls
Figure 2 – Risk outcomes in relation to expectations of the rate of fire spread over the external walls
Figure 3 – Five step approach to the basic level of assessment
Figure 4 – Process for determining whether a full FRAEW is required
Figure 5 – Possible outcome of risk factor weighting
Figure 6 – Starting point for applying the risk factors
Figure 7 – Applying the risk factors – consideration of fire performance
Figure 8 – Applying the risk factors – consideration of façade configuration
Figure 9 – Applying the risk factors – consideration of fire strategy/fire hazards
Figure A.1 – BS 476-7 test apparatus with specimen holder in position for test and containing a blank specimen
Figure A.2 – Plot of radiation over distance from the BS 476‑7 radiant panel with positions of classes along the sample indicated (final positions at the end of the test)
Figure A.3 – BS 476‑6 test apparatus with specimen on bench in front of apparatus containing a blank specimen
Figure A.4 – BS EN ISO 11925‑2 test apparatus with blank specimen in position for test
Figure A.5 – BS EN 13823 test apparatus with blank specimen in position for test
Figure A.6 – BS EN ISO 1182 test apparatus
Figure A.7 – Location of thermocouples for a cladding test
Figure A.8 – Illustration of thermocouple locations in the layers of the test system
Figure A.9 – BS 8414-1 rig with a timber crib installed in the combustion chamber but no test specimen installed onto the rig
Figure A.10 – BS 8414-1 rig with a timber crib fully alight but no specimen installed, indicating severity of test when there is no contribution from a test specimen
Figure A.11 – Time temperature curve defined in ISO 834
Figure B.1 – Typical scenario in which external fire spread is restricted, with some, but limited, scope for secondary fires on floors above
Figure B.2 – Potential scenario resulting in rapid external fire spread and significant risk of multiple secondary fires
Figure B.3 – Fire at Garnock Court, Irvine
Figure B.4 – Fire at Shepherd’s Court, London
Figure B.5 – Fire at Samuel Garside House, Barking
Figure B.6 – Fire at the Cube, Bolton
Figure B.7 – Fire in high‑rise block resulting in limited external spread
Table A.1 – Classification of spread of flame
Table A.2 – Requirements for classes of materials and products (excluding floorings and pipe insulation) under BS EN 13501‑1
Table A.3 – Smoke production classification – For products classified A2 to D
Table A.4 – Flaming droplets/particles classification – For products classified A2 to D
Table B.1 – Notable fires involving external wall construction and cladding
Table F.1 – Risk factors arising from fire strategy/fire hazards (including limitations of fire and rescue service intervention)
Table G.1 – Typical indicators of level of encapsulation
Table G.2 – Relevance of reaction to fire classes in the absence of a cavity
Table G.3 – Relevance of heat of combustion by mass in the absence of a cavity
Table G.4 – Relevance of heat of combustion by area in the absence of a cavity
Table G.5 – Compartmentation continuation assessment
Table G.6 – Typical examples of critical success factors
Table G.7 – Subdivision risk evaluation
Table G.8 – Consequence mitigation measures
Table H.1 – Expected skillsets of an external wall assessor
Table K.1 – Fire performance risk factors
Table L.1 – Fire properties of common elements – Structural elements
Table L.2 – Fire properties of common elements – Plasterboard and sheathing boards
Table L.3 – Fire properties of common elements – Insulation
Table L.4 – Fire properties of common elements – Cavities
Table L.5 – Fire properties of common elements – Glazing
Table L.6 – Fire properties of common elements – Other generic components
Table L.7 – Fire properties of common system types – Masonry/concrete systems
Table L.8 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen systems
Table L.9 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen facing materialsA)
Table L.10 – Further considerations for specific system types
Table N.1 – Façade configuration risk factors
Table P.1 – Model Byelaws 1953
Table P.2 – Building Regulations 1965
Table P.3 – Building Regulations 1972
Table P.4 – Building Regulations 1976
Table P.5 – Building Regulations 1985 and Approved Document B 1985
Table P.6 – Building Regulations 1991 and Approved Document B 1992
Table P.7 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2000 (consolidated with 2000 and 2002 amendments)
Table P.8 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2006
Table P.9 – Building Regulations 2010 and Approved Document B 2019
Table L.2 – Fire properties of common elements – Plasterboard and sheathing boards
Table L.3 – Fire properties of common elements – Insulation
Table L.4 – Fire properties of common elements – Cavities
Table L.5 – Fire properties of common elements – Glazing
Table L.6 – Fire properties of common elements – Other generic components
Table L.7 – Fire properties of common system types – Masonry/concrete systems
Table L.8 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen systems
Table L.9 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen facing materialsA)
Table L.10 – Further considerations for specific system types
Table N.1 – Façade configuration risk factors
Table P.1 – Model Byelaws 1953
Table P.2 – Building Regulations 1965
Table P.3 – Building Regulations 1972
Table P.4 – Building Regulations 1976
Table P.5 – Building Regulations 1985 and Approved Document B 1985
Table P.6 – Building Regulations 1991 and Approved Document B 1992
Table P.7 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2000 (consolidated with 2000 and 2002 amendments)
Table P.8 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2006
Table P.9 – Building Regulations 2010 and Approved Document B 2019 [Go to Page]

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