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eLibrary > 24/30457757 DC BS 594987 Asphalt for roads and other trafficked areas. Transport, laying, compaction and producttype testing protocols. Specification >

24/30457757 DC BS 594987 Asphalt for roads and other trafficked areas. Transport, laying, compaction and producttype testing protocols. Specification, 2024

30457757.PDF
30457757.pdf [Go to Page]
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms [Go to Page]
3.1 Terms and definitions [Go to Page]
3.1.1 bond coat
3.1.2 coated grit
3.1.3 joint
3.1.4 milling
3.1.5 minimum compacted thickness at any point
3.1.6 nominal installed thickness
3.1.7 quartering
3.1.8 tack coat
3.1.9 shoulder-to-shoulder cover
3.1.10 warm mix asphalt
3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Transport and delivery [Go to Page]
4.1 Transport
4.2 Delivery to the site
5 Preparatory works at the laying site [Go to Page]
5.1 General
5.2 Chamber covers and interfaces with other assets
5.3 Resurfacing [Go to Page]
5.3.1 Inlaying asphalt
5.3.2 Overlaying asphalt
5.3.3 Overlaying existing concrete pavements
5.3.4 Overlaying existing sett paving
5.4 Adjustment or regulation of levels
5.5 Application of bond coats [Go to Page]
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Application by machine
5.6 Asphalt for Concrete Bridge Decks [Go to Page]
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Installation
6 Laying [Go to Page]
6.1 General
6.2 Laying in adverse conditions [Go to Page]
6.2.1 Wet weather
6.2.2 Low temperatures
6.2.3 High temperatures
6.2.4 Wind chill
6.3 Surface level tolerances
6.4 Paving machine laying [Go to Page]
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Inspection before rolling
6.4.3 Clearing after stoppages
6.5 Hand laying [Go to Page]
6.5.1 General
6.6 Sampling during laying
6.7 Thickness
6.8 Surface regularity and falls
6.9 Joints [Go to Page]
6.9.1 General
6.9.2 Surface course joints [Go to Page]
6.9.2.1 General
6.9.3 Joints in other courses
7 Chipping of hot rolled asphalt (HRA) and gritting of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) [Go to Page]
7.1 Hot rolled asphalt (HRA) [Go to Page]
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Rate of spread of coated chippings
7.2 Method of applying coated chippings [Go to Page]
7.2.1 Minimum compaction temperatures for HRA mixtures
7.2.2 Use of mechanical chipping spreaders
7.2.3 Unchipped channels
7.3 Gritting of SMA
8 Texture depth [Go to Page]
8.1 General
8.2 Measurement of surface texture depth [Go to Page]
8.2.1 Where a texture depth is specified, it shall be measured as soon as possible after the surfacing has been laid and before trafficking. On highways, measurements shall be taken on regularly spaced 50 m lane lengths representative of the section o...
8.2.2 Each individual measurement of texture depth shall be made by the volumetric patch test method specified in BS EN 13036-1.
8.2.3 The texture depth for each section of carriageway lane tested shall meet the specified values.
9 Compaction [Go to Page]
9.1 General
9.2 General requirements for compaction of machine‑laid asphalt [Go to Page]
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Rollers
9.3 General requirements for compaction of hand‑laid asphalt and areas with restricted access
9.4 Sampling and testing for assessment of compacted asphalt [Go to Page]
9.4.1 Coring [Go to Page]
9.4.1.1 General
9.4.1.2 Reinstatement of core holes
9.4.2 Use of indirect density gauges
9.5 End-result compaction control requirements
10 Opening to traffic
Annex A (normative) Discharge and compaction temperatures for warm and hot mix asphalts
Annex B (informative) Approximate rates of spread of asphalt
Annex C (informative) Protocol for determining void content of dense base and binder AC mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108‑1 from trial strips for the purposes of product-type testing to BS EN 13108-20 [Go to Page]
C.1 Trial strip
C.2 Sampling and testing of loose mixture [Go to Page]
C.2.1 Take a sample for analysis prior to leaving the mixing plant in accordance with BS EN 12697‑27:2017, 4.1. During the laying of the trial strip, take two samples of loose mixture at each of three evenly-spaced locations along the trial length fro...
C.2.2 Determine the maximum density of one of each pair of samples from each location on the trial strip in accordance with BS EN 12697-5:2018, procedure A, in water and calculate the mean of these three values.
C.2.3 Analyse each of the other pairs and the sample from the mixing plant to determine binder content and grading of each in accordance with BS EN 12697-1 and BS EN 12697-2, taking note of relevant guidance for modified binders and reporting any corr...
C.3 Core sampling and testing of cores [Go to Page]
C.3.1 Take the cores in accordance with BS EN 12697-27, at least 12 h after the end of the laying process and/or when the asphalt has cooled to ambient temperature.
C.3.2 Take a pair of 150 mm diameter cores in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.7, at each of the following two locations:
C.3.3 Space the cores evenly along the full length of the trial strip (see Figure C.1).
C.3.4 Determine the bulk density of each of the cores in accordance with BS EN 12697-6:2020, procedure B, saturated surface dry condition.
C.3.5 Heat and compact each core to refusal in accordance with BS EN 12697-32.
C.3.6 Determine the bulk density of each recompacted core specimen in accordance with BS EN 12697-6:2020, procedure B, saturated surface dry condition.
C.4 Calculations [Go to Page]
C.4.1 For each of the cores, determine the in situ void content in accordance with BS EN 12697-8, using the bulk density from C.3.4 and the mean maximum density from C.2.2.
C.4.2 For each of the cores, determine the refusal void content in accordance with BS EN 12697-8, using the bulk density from C.3.6 and the mean maximum density from C.2.2.
C.4.3 Determine the mean value of in situ void content (C.4.1) and the mean value of refusal void content (C.4.2) for each location.
C.4.4 Determine the mean results of the four compositional analyses from C.2.3.
C.5 Verification of target composition
C.6 Reporting
Annex D (informative) Protocol for determining resistance to permanent deformation of binder course and base asphalt mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-1 (asphalt concrete) from trial strips for the purposes of type testing to BS EN 13108-20 [Go to Page]
D.1 Trial strip
D.2 Sampling and testing of loose mixture [Go to Page]
D.2.1 Take a sample for analysis prior to leaving the mixing plant in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.1. During the laying of the trial strip, take two samples of loose mixture at each of three evenly‑spaced locations along the trial length fro...
D.2.2 Analyse each of the other pairs and the sample from the mixing plant to determine binder content and grading of each in accordance with BS EN 12697-1 and BS EN 12697-2, taking note of relevant guidance for modified binders and reporting any corr...
D.3 Core sampling and testing of cores [Go to Page]
D.3.1 Take the cores in accordance with BS EN 12697-27, at least 12 h after the end of the laying process and/or when the asphalt has cooled to ambient temperature.
D.3.2 Take three pairs test cores from the centre line of the trial strip, in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.7 either of:
D.3.3 Space the core pairs evenly along the full length of the trial strip.
D.3.4 Determine the resistance to permanent deformation of the cores, either:
D.3.5 Report the resistance to permanent deformation.
D.4 Calculations
D.5 Verification of target composition
D.6 Reporting
Annex E (informative)Protocol for determining void content and stiffness of EME2 base and binder AC mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-1 from trial strips for the purposes of product-type testing to BS EN 13108-20 [Go to Page]
E.1 Trial strip
E.2 Sampling and testing of loose mixture [Go to Page]
E.2.1 Take a sample for analysis from material prior to leaving the mixing plant, in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.1. During the laying of the trial strip, take two samples of loose mixture at each of three evenly‑spaced locations along the t...
E.2.2 Determine the maximum density of one of each pair of the samples from each location on the trial strip in accordance with BS EN 12697-5:2018, procedure A, in water and calculate the mean of these three values.
E.2.3 Analyse each of the other pairs and the sample from the mixing plant to determine binder content and grading of each in accordance with BS EN 12697-1 and BS EN 12697-2, taking note of relevant guidance for modified binders and reporting any corr...
E.3 Core sampling and testing of cores [Go to Page]
E.3.1 Take the cores in accordance with BS EN 12697-27, at least 12 h after the end of the laying process and/or when the asphalt has cooled to ambient temperature.
E.3.2 Take a pair of 150 mm diameter cores in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.7, at each of the following two locations:
E.3.3 Space the cores evenly along the full length of the trial strip (see Figure E.1).
E.3.4 Determine the bulk density of each of the cores in accordance with BS EN 12697-6:2020, procedure B, saturated surface dry condition.
E.3.5 Cut test specimens from the cores to determine stiffness in accordance with BS EN 12697-26 (ITSM method 20 C).
E.4 Calculations [Go to Page]
E.4.1 For each of the cores, determine the in situ void content in accordance with BS EN 12697-8, using the bulk density from E.3.4 and the mean maximum density from E.2.2.
E.4.2 For each pair of cores, determine the mean value of in situ void content.
E.4.3 Calculate the binder richness modulus of the target composition in accordance with the following:
E.4.4 The correction coefficient, a, is defined as:
E.4.5 The specific surface area of aggregate, Σ, is defined as:
E.5 Verification of target composition
E.6 Reporting
Annex F (informative) Protocol for determining void content, binder volume and resistance to permanent deformation of performance‑related surface course HRA mixtures conforming to BS EN 13108-4 from trial strips for the purposes of product-type testin... [Go to Page]
F.1 Trial strip
F.2 Sampling and testing of loose mixture [Go to Page]
F.2.1 Take a sample for analysis from material prior to leaving the mixing plant in accordance with BS EN 12697- 27:2017, 4.1. During the laying of the trial strip, for unchipped mixtures take two samples of loose mixture at each of three evenly-space...
F.2.2 For unchipped mixtures, determine the maximum density of one of each pair of the samples from each location on the trial strip in accordance with BS EN 12697-5:2018, procedure A, in water and calculate the mean of these three values.
F.2.3 Analyse each of the other pairs and the sample from the mixing plant to determine binder content and grading in accordance with BS EN 12697-1 and BS EN 12697-2, taking note of relevant guidance for modified binders and reporting any correction ...
F.3 Core sampling and testing of cores [Go to Page]
F.3.1 General
F.3.2 Unchipped areas [Go to Page]
F.3.2.1 Take six 150 mm diameter cores in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.7, from the compacted but unchipped areas. Evenly space the cores along a diagonal line running between the centres of the two wheel track zones extending for the length ...
F.3.2.2 Determine the bulk density of each of the cores from F.3.2.1 in accordance with BS EN 12697-6:2020, procedure A, dry condition.
F.3.2.3 Combine the three remaining loose mixture samples from F.2.1 and determine the maximum density in accordance with BS EN 12697-5:2018, procedure A, in water.
F.3.3 Chipped areas [Go to Page]
F.3.3.1 If laboratory prepared slabs are not to be used, take six 200 mm diameter cores from the centre line of the chipped trial strip in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.7. Where possible, space the cores evenly along the full length of the c...
F.3.3.2 Determine the resistance to permanent deformation of the cores from F.3.3.1 in accordance with BS EN 12697-22:2020, small size devices, procedure A, at the appropriate temperature (45 C or 60 C).
F.3.3.3 Take pairs of 150 mm diameter cores in the chipped areas in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.7, at each of three locations:
F.3.3.4 Space the cores evenly along the full length of the trial strip (see Figure F.1).
F.3.3.5 Determine the bulk density of each of the cores from F.3.3.3 in accordance with BS EN 12697-6:2020, procedure A, dry condition.
F.3.3.6 Combine the material from each pair of cores from F.3.3.3, including the coated chippings, and determine the maximum density in accordance with BS EN 12697-5:2018, procedure A, in water.
F.4 Calculations [Go to Page]
F.4.1 Unchipped cores [Go to Page]
F.4.1.1 Calculate the binder volume of the unchipped cores, Bvol, as follows:
F.4.1.2 For each of the 150 mm unchipped cores from F.3.2.1, determine the in situ void content in accordance with BS EN 12697-8:2018, using the mean bulk density from F.3.2.2 and the maximum density from F.3.2.3.
F.4.2 Chipped cores
F.4.3 Loose mixture
F.5 Verification of target composition
F.6 Reporting
Annex G (informative) Protocol for determining void content and resistance to permanent deformation of SMA binder course and regulating courses to BS EN 13108-5 from trial strips for the purposes of product-type testing to BS EN 13108-20 [Go to Page]
G.1 Trial strip
G.2 Sampling and testing of loose material [Go to Page]
G.2.1 Take a sample for analysis from material prior to leaving the mixing plant, in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.1. During the laying of the trial strip, take two samples of loose mixture at each of three evenly-spaced locations along the t...
G.2.2 Determine the maximum density of one of each pair of the samples from each location on the trial strip in accordance with BS EN 12697-5:2018, procedure A, in water and calculate the mean of these three values.
G.2.3 Analyse each of the other pairs and the sample from the mixing plant to determine binder content and grading in accordance with BS EN 12697-1:2020 and BS EN 12697-2:2015+A1, taking note of relevant guidance for modified binders and reporting an...
G.3 Core sampling and testing of cores [Go to Page]
G.3.1 Take the cores as detailed in G.3.2 to G.3.7 in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, not sooner than 12 h after the end of the laying process and/or when the asphalt has cooled to ambient temperature.
G.3.2 Take six 200 mm diameter test cores from the centre line of the trial strip in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.7. Where possible, space the cores evenly along the full length of the trial strip.
G.3.3 Determine the resistance to permanent deformation of the cores from G.3.2 either:
G.3.4 Take a pair of 150 mm diameter cores in accordance with BS EN 12697-27:2017, 4.7, at each of the following two locations:
G.3.5 Space the cores evenly along the full length of the trial strip (see Figure G.1).
G.3.6 Determine the bulk density of each of the cores from G.3.4 in accordance with BS EN 12697-6:2020, procedure B, saturated surface dry condition.
G.4 Calculations [Go to Page]
G.4.1 For each of the cores, determine the in situ void content in accordance with BS EN 12697-8:2018, using the bulk density from G.3.6 and the mean maximum density from G.2.2.
G.4.2 Determine the mean results of the four compositional analyses from G.2.2.
G.5 Verification of target composition
G.6 Reporting
Annex H (informative) Protocol for determining the design binder content of design HRA surface course mixtures to BS EN 13108-4 [Go to Page]
H.1 Sampling
H.2 Specimen preparation [Go to Page]
H.2.1 Test coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler in accordance with Table H.1 after preparing the test sample in accordance with H.2.2 to H.2.9.
H.2.2 Dry the aggregates to constant mass at a temperature of (110 ±5) C.
H.2.3 Obtain a representative sample of each aggregate by riffling in accordance with BS EN 932-2.
H.2.4 Sieve the coarse aggregate to remove the material passing the 2 mm sieve. Discard material passing 2 mm.
H.2.5 Sieve the fine aggregate to separate the material retained on the 2 mm sieve from that passing the sieve. Recombine the two fractions in the correct proportions (as determined by the sieve analysis on the fine aggregate) for the manufacture of t...
H.2.6 Calculate and report the combined grading as part of the target composition of the mixture.
H.2.7 Proportion the aggregate for each mixing batch by mass as indicated in Table H.2. Weigh to the nearest gramme a sufficient quantity of each fraction into a container so that each batch is at the required target composition.
H.2.8 Make up each mixing batch such that after compaction the specimens have a height of (63.5 ±3) mm. Sufficient batches to cover the desired range of binder contents have a minimum of nine binder contents at intervals of 0.5% of total mixture. Thr...
H.2.9 Mix each batch of asphalt in accordance with BS EN 12697-35.
H.2.10 Compact the specimens in accordance with BS EN 12697-30, using 50 blows per side.
H.2.11 Determine the bulk density (ρb) of each specimen in accordance with BS EN 12697-6:2020, procedure A.
H.2.12 Calculate the compacted aggregate density (ρcad) from:
H.2.13 Determine the Marshall stability of each specimen in accordance with BS EN 12697-34.
H.2.14 Calculate the mean stability, aggregate density and bulk density for each set of three specimens and plot against binder content. Draw a smooth curve through the plotted values (see Figure H.1). Record the binder content, to the nearest 0.1%, f...
H.2.15 Calculate the design binder content as the mean of the three binder contents determined in accordance with H.2.14 with the addition of a factor, dependent on the coarse aggregate content of the mix, given in Table H.5.
H.2.16 Report the following information:
Annex I (informative) Protocol for calibrating and operating indirect density gauges [Go to Page]
I.1 Application
I.2 Initial calibration
I.3 Consistency of calibration
Annex J (informative) Tack coats
Annex K (normative) Method for the measurement of the rate of spread of coated chippings [Go to Page]
K.1 Principle
K.2 Method for establishing the rate of spread of chippings per square metre that gives shoulder-to-shoulder cover
K.3 Measurement of the rate of spread of chippings for mechanical chipping spreaders [Go to Page]
K.3.1 Apparatus [Go to Page]
K.3.1.1 Ten trays, shallow, 300 mm square, secured by four short lengths of chain to a metal disc surmounted by a hook and a calibrated spring balance.
K.3.1.2 Spring balance, calibrated in kg/m2 with a range of 4 kg/m2 to 16 kg/m2. All trays for use with one spring balance shall be of equal mass.
K.3.2 Calibration
K.3.3 Procedure
K.3.4 Reporting of results
K.4 Rate of spread of chippings applied by hand
Annex L (informative) Guidance for the mix design of BBA for airfields to BS EN 13108-1
Annex M (normative) Mastic asphalt [Go to Page]
M.1 Transport and delivery [Go to Page]
M.1.1 Transport
M.1.2 Delivery to the site
M.2 Preparatory works at the laying site [Go to Page]
M.2.1 General
M.2.2 Adjustment or regulation of levels
M.3 Laying [Go to Page]
M.3.1 General
M.3.2 Laying in adverse conditions [Go to Page]
M.3.2.1 Wet weather
M.3.2.2 Low temperatures
M.3.2.3 Wind chill
M.3.2.4 Paving machine laying
M.3.2.5 Hand laying
M.3.3 Sampling during laying
M.3.4 Thickness
M.3.5 Accuracy of finish
M.3.6 Joints
M.3.7 Access chamber covers and projections
M.4 Chipping of mastic asphalt [Go to Page]
M.4.1 General
M.4.2 Rate of spread of coated chippings
M.4.3 Method of applying coated chippings [Go to Page]
M.4.3.1 Unchipped channels
M.4.3.2 Hand chipping of mastic asphalt
M.5 Recommended laying temperatures for recipe MA to BS EN 13108-6
Annex N (normative) Assessment of the compaction performance of a roller [Go to Page]
N.1 Principle
N.2 Test conditions
N.3 Procedure
N.4 Expression of results [Go to Page]

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