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eLibrary > ASME BPVC.VIII.2-2023 Section VIII, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Division 2, Alternative Rules >

ASME BPVC.VIII.2-2023 Section VIII, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Division 2, Alternative Rules, 2023

Table of Contents
List of Sections
Foreword
Statement of Policy on the Use of the ASME Single Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising
Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items
Personnel
Correspondence With the Committee
Summary of Changes
Cross-Referencing in the ASME BPVC
Part 1 General Requirements [Go to Page]
1.1 General [Go to Page]
1.1.1 Introduction
1.1.2 Organization
1.1.3 Definitions
1.2 Scope [Go to Page]
1.2.1 Overview
1.2.2 Additional Requirements for Very High Pressure Vessels
1.2.3 Geometric Scope of This Division
1.2.4 Classifications Outside the Scope of this Division
1.2.5 Combination Units
1.2.6 Field Assembly of Vessels
1.2.7 Overpressure Protection
1.3 Standards Referenced by This Division
1.4 Units of Measurement
1.5 Tolerances
1.6 Technical Inquiries
1.7 Tables
Annex 1-B Definitions [Go to Page]
1-B.1 Introduction
1-B.2 Definition of Terms [Go to Page]
1-B.2.1
1-B.2.2
1-B.2.3
1-B.2.4
1-B.2.5
1-B.2.6
1-B.2.7
1-B.2.8
1-B.2.9
1-B.2.10
1-B.2.11
1-B.2.12
1-B.2.13
1-B.2.14
1-B.2.15
1-B.2.16
1-B.2.17
1-B.2.18
1-B.2.19
1-B.2.20
Annex 1-C Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes [Go to Page]
1-C.1 Use of Units in Equations
1-C.2 Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents
1-C.3 Soft Conversion Factors
1-C.4 Tables
Part 2 Responsibilities and Duties [Go to Page]
2.1 General [Go to Page]
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Definitions
2.1.3 Code Reference
2.2 User Responsibilities [Go to Page]
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Multiple Identical Vessels
2.2.3 User’s Design Specification
2.3 Manufacturer’s Responsibilities [Go to Page]
2.3.1 Code Compliance
2.3.2 Materials Selection
2.3.3 Manufacturer’s Design Report
2.3.4 Manufacturer’s Data Report
2.3.5 Manufacturer’s Construction Records
2.3.6 Quality Control System
2.3.7 Manufacturer’s Design Personnel
2.3.8 Certification of Subcontracted Services
2.3.9 Inspection and Examination
2.3.10 Application of Certification Mark
2.4 The Inspector [Go to Page]
2.4.1 Identification of Inspector
2.4.2 Inspector Qualification
2.4.3 Inspector’s Duties
Annex 2-A Guide for Certifying a User’s Design Specification [Go to Page]
2-A.1 General
2-A.2 Certification of the User’s Design Specification [Go to Page]
2-A.2.1
2-A.2.2
2-A.2.3
2-A.3 Tables
Annex 2-B Guide for Certifying a Manufacturer’s Design Report [Go to Page]
2-B.1 General
2-B.2 Certification of Manufacturer’s Design Report by a Certifying Engineer [Go to Page]
2-B.2.1
2-B.2.2
2-B.3 Certification of a Manufacturer’s Design Report by an Engineer or a Designer
2-B.4 Manufacturer’s Design Report Certification Form
2-B.5 Tables
Annex 2-C Report Forms and Maintenance of Records [Go to Page]
2-C.1 Manufacturer’s Data Reports [Go to Page]
2-C.1.1
2-C.1.2 Special Requirements for Layered Vessels
2-C.1.3 Special Requirements for Combination Units
2-C.1.4
2-C.2 Manufacturer’s Partial Data Reports [Go to Page]
2-C.2.1
2-C.2.2
2-C.2.3
2-C.3 Maintenance of Records [Go to Page]
2-C.3.1
2-C.3.2
Annex 2-D Guide for Preparing Manufacturer’s Data Reports [Go to Page]
2-D.1 Introduction [Go to Page]
2-D.1.1
2-D.1.2
2-D.1.3
2-D.1.4
2-D.1.5
2-D.1.6
2-D.2 Tables
Annex 2-E Quality Control System [Go to Page]
2-E.1 General [Go to Page]
2-E.1.1
2-E.1.2
2-E.1.3
2-E.2 Outline of Features Included in the Quality Control System
2-E.3 Authority and Responsibility
2-E.4 Organization
2-E.5 Drawings, Design Calculations, and Specification Control [Go to Page]
2-E.5.1
2-E.5.2
2-E.6 Material Control
2-E.7 Examination and Inspection Program
2-E.8 Correction of Nonconformities
2-E.9 Welding
2-E.10 Nondestructive Examination
2-E.11 Heat Treatment
2-E.12 Calibration of Measurement and Test Equipment
2-E.13 Records Retention
2-E.14 Sample Forms
2-E.15 Inspection of Vessels and Vessel Parts [Go to Page]
2-E.15.1
2-E.15.2
2-E.15.3
2-E.15.4
2-E.16 Inspection of Pressure Relief Valves
Annex 2-F Contents and Method of Stamping [Go to Page]
2-F.1 Required Marking for Vessels
2-F.2 Required Marking for Combination Units
2-F.3 Application of Stamp
2-F.4 Part Marking [Go to Page]
2-F.4.1
2-F.4.2
2-F.5 Application of Markings
2-F.6 Duplicate Nameplate
2-F.7 Size and Arrangements of Characters for Nameplate and Direct Stamping of Vessels [Go to Page]
2-F.7.1
2-F.7.2
2-F.8 Attachment of Nameplate or Tag
2-F.9 Figures
Annex 2-G Obtaining and Using Certification Mark Stamps [Go to Page]
2-G.1 Certification Mark
2-G.2 Application for Certificate of Authorization
2-G.3 Issuance of Authorization
2-G.4 Designated Oversight
2-G.5 Quality Control System
2-G.6 Evaluation of the Quality Control System [Go to Page]
2-G.6.1
2-G.6.2
2-G.7 Code Construction Before Receipt of Certificate of Authorization
Annex 2-I Establishing Governing Code Editions and Cases for Pressure Vessels and Parts [Go to Page]
2-I.1 General
2-I.2 Construction
2-I.3 Materials
Annex 2-J Qualifications and Requirements for Certifying Engineers and Designers [Go to Page]
2-J.1 Introduction
2-J.2 Competency Requirements
2-J.3 Qualification Requirements [Go to Page]
2-J.3.1 General
2-J.3.2 Certifying Engineers
2-J.3.3 Engineers and Designers
2-J.4 Certification Requirements [Go to Page]
2-J.4.1 Certifying Engineers
2-J.4.2 Engineers and Designers
2-J.4.3 Reactivation
Part 3 Materials Requirements [Go to Page]
3.1 General Requirements
3.2 Materials Permitted for Construction of Vessel Parts [Go to Page]
3.2.1 Materials for Pressure Parts
3.2.2 Materials for Attachments to Pressure Parts
3.2.3 Welding Materials
3.2.4 Dissimilar Materials
3.2.5 Product Specifications
3.2.6 Certification
3.2.7 Product Identification and Traceability
3.2.8 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts Furnished Without a Code Stamp
3.2.9 Definition of Product Form Thickness
3.2.10 Product Form Tolerances
3.2.11 Purchase Requirements
3.2.12 Material Identified With or Produced to a Specification Not Permitted by This Division
3.3 Supplemental Requirements for Ferrous Materials [Go to Page]
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Chemistry Requirements
3.3.3 Ultrasonic Examination of Plates
3.3.4 Ultrasonic Examination of Forgings
3.3.5 Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrant Examination of Forgings
3.3.6 Integral and Weld Metal Overlay Clad Base Metal
3.3.7 Clad Tubesheets
3.4 Supplemental Requirements for Cr–Mo Steels [Go to Page]
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Postweld Heat Treatment
3.4.3 Test Specimen Heat Treatment
3.4.4 Welding Procedure Qualifications and Welding Consumables Testing
3.4.5 Toughness Requirements
3.5 Supplemental Requirements for Q&T Steels With Enhanced Tensile Properties [Go to Page]
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Parts for Which Q&T Steels May Be Used
3.5.3 Structural Attachments
3.6 Supplemental Requirements for Nonferrous Materials [Go to Page]
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Ultrasonic Examination of Plates
3.6.3 Ultrasonic Examination of Forgings
3.6.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination of Forgings
3.6.5 Clad Plate and Products
3.6.6 Clad Tubesheets
3.7 Supplemental Requirements for Bolting [Go to Page]
3.7.1 General
3.7.2 Examination of Bolts, Studs, and Nuts
3.7.3 Threading and Machining of Studs
3.7.4 Use of Washers
3.7.5 Ferrous Bolting
3.7.6 Nonferrous Bolting
3.7.7 Materials for Ferrous and Nonferrous Nuts of Special Design
3.8 Supplemental Requirements for Castings [Go to Page]
3.8.1 General
3.8.2 Requirements for Ferrous Castings
3.8.3 Requirements for Nonferrous Castings
3.9 Supplemental Requirements for Hubs Machined From Plate [Go to Page]
3.9.1 General
3.9.2 Material Requirements
3.9.3 Examination Requirements
3.9.4 Data Reports and Marking
3.10 Material Test Requirements [Go to Page]
3.10.1 General
3.10.2 Requirements for Sample Test Coupons
3.10.3 Exemptions from Requirement of Sample Test Coupons
3.10.4 Procedure for Obtaining Test Specimens and Coupons
3.10.5 Procedure for Heat Treating Test Specimens from Ferrous Materials
3.10.6 Test Coupon Heat Treatment for Nonferrous Materials
3.11 Material Toughness Requirements [Go to Page]
3.11.1 General
3.11.2 Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Except Bolting
3.11.3 Quenched and Tempered Steels
3.11.4 High Alloy Steels Except Bolting
3.11.5 Nonferrous Alloys
3.11.6 Bolting Materials
3.11.7 Toughness Testing Procedures
3.11.8 Impact Testing of Welding Procedures and Test Plates of Ferrous Materials
3.12 Allowable Design Stresses
3.13 Strength Parameters
3.14 Physical Properties
3.15 Design Fatigue Curves
3.16 Design Values for Temperatures Colder Than −30°C (−20°F)
3.17 Nomenclature
3.18 Definitions
3.19 Tables
3.20 Figures
Annex 3-A Allowable Design Stresses [Go to Page]
3-A.1 Allowable Stress Basis — All Materials Except Bolting [Go to Page]
3-A.1.1
3-A.1.2
3-A.2 Allowable Stress Basis — Bolting Materials [Go to Page]
3-A.2.1
3-A.2.2
3-A.3 Tables
Annex 3-B Requirements for Material Procurement
Annex 3-D Strength Parameters [Go to Page]
3-D.1 Yield Strength
3-D.2 Ultimate Tensile Strength
3-D.3 Stress Strain Curve
3-D.4 Cyclic Stress Strain Curve
3-D.5 Tangent Modulus [Go to Page]
3-D.5.1 Tangent Modulus Based on the Stress–Strain Curve Model
3-D.5.2 Tangent Modulus Based on External Pressure Charts
3-D.6 Nomenclature
3-D.7 Tables
Annex 3-E Physical Properties [Go to Page]
3-E.1 Young’s Modulus
3-E.2 Thermal Expansion Coefficient
3-E.3 Thermal Conductivity
3-E.4 Thermal Diffusivity
Annex 3-F Design Fatigue Curves [Go to Page]
3-F.1 Smooth Bar Design Fatigue Curves [Go to Page]
3-F.1.1
3-F.1.2
3-F.1.3
3-F.2 Welded Joint Design Fatigue Curves [Go to Page]
3-F.2.1
3-F.2.2
3-F.3 Nomenclature
3-F.4 Tables
3-F.5 Figures
Part 4 Design by Rule Requirements [Go to Page]
4.1 General Requirements [Go to Page]
4.1.1 Scope
4.1.2 Minimum Thickness Requirements
4.1.3 Material Thickness Requirements
4.1.4 Corrosion Allowance in Design Equations
4.1.5 Design Basis
4.1.6 Design Allowable Stress
4.1.7 Materials in Combination
4.1.8 Combination Units
4.1.9 Cladding and Weld Overlay
4.1.10 Internal Linings
4.1.11 Flanges and Pipe Fittings
4.1.12 Vessels in Elevated Temperature Service
4.1.13 Nomenclature
4.1.14 Tables
4.2 Design Rules for Welded Joints [Go to Page]
4.2.1 Scope
4.2.2 Weld Category
4.2.3 Weld Joint Type
4.2.4 Weld Joint Efficiency
4.2.5 Types of Joints Permitted
4.2.6 Nomenclature
4.2.7 Tables
4.2.8 Figures
4.3 Design Rules for Shells Under Internal Pressure [Go to Page]
4.3.1 Scope
4.3.2 Shell Tolerances
4.3.3 Cylindrical Shells
4.3.4 Conical Shells
4.3.5 Spherical Shells and Hemispherical Heads
4.3.6 Torispherical Heads
4.3.7 Ellipsoidal Heads
4.3.8 Local Thin Areas
4.3.9 Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through the Vessel Wall
4.3.10 Combined Loadings and Allowable Stresses
4.3.11 Cylindrical-to-Conical Shell Transition Junctions Without a Knuckle
4.3.12 Cylindrical-to-Conical Shell Transition Junctions With a Knuckle
4.3.13 Nomenclature
4.3.14 Tables
4.3.15 Figures
4.4 Design of Shells Under External Pressure and Allowable Compressive Stresses [Go to Page]
4.4.1 Scope
4.4.2 Design Factors
4.4.3 Material Properties
4.4.4 Shell Tolerances
4.4.5 Cylindrical Shell
4.4.6 Conical Shell
4.4.7 Spherical Shell and Hemispherical Head
4.4.8 Torispherical Head
4.4.9 Ellipsoidal Head
4.4.10 Local Thin Areas
4.4.11 Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through the Vessel Wall
4.4.12 Combined Loadings and Allowable Compressive Stresses
4.4.13 Cylindrical-to-Conical Shell Transition Junctions Without a Knuckle
4.4.14 Cylindrical-to-Conical Shell Transition Junctions With a Knuckle
4.4.15 Nomenclature
4.4.16 Tables
4.4.17 Figures
4.5 Design Rules for Openings in Shells and Heads [Go to Page]
4.5.1 Scope
4.5.2 Dimensions and Shape of Nozzles
4.5.3 Method of Nozzle Attachment
4.5.4 Nozzle Neck Minimum Thickness Requirements
4.5.5 Radial Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
4.5.6 Hillside Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
4.5.7 Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell Oriented at an Angle from the Longitudinal Axis
4.5.8 Radial Nozzle in a Conical Shell
4.5.9 Nozzle in a Conical Shell
4.5.10 Radial Nozzle in a Spherical Shell or Formed Head
4.5.11 Hillside or Perpendicular Nozzle in a Spherical Shell or Formed Head
4.5.12 Circular Nozzles in a Flat Head
4.5.13 Spacing Requirements for Nozzles
4.5.14 Strength of Nozzle Attachment Welds
4.5.15 Local Stresses in Shells, Formed Heads, and Nozzles from External Loads on Nozzles
4.5.16 Inspection Openings
4.5.17 Openings Subject to Axial Compression, External Pressure, and the Combination Thereof
4.5.18 Nomenclature
4.5.19 Tables
4.5.20 Figures
4.6 Design Rules for Flat Heads [Go to Page]
4.6.1 Scope
4.6.2 Flat Unstayed Circular Heads
4.6.3 Flat Unstayed Noncircular Heads
4.6.4 Integral Flat Head With a Centrally Located Opening
4.6.5 Nomenclature
4.6.6 Tables
4.6.7 Figures
4.7 Design Rules for Spherically Dished Bolted Covers [Go to Page]
4.7.1 Scope
4.7.2 Type A Head Thickness Requirements
4.7.3 Type B Head Thickness Requirements
4.7.4 Type C Head Thickness Requirements
4.7.5 Type D Head Thickness Requirements
4.7.6 Nomenclature
4.7.7 Tables
4.7.8 Figures
4.8 Design Rules for Quick-Actuating (Quick-Opening) Closures [Go to Page]
4.8.1 Scope
4.8.2 Definitions
4.8.3 General Design Requirements
4.8.4 Specific Design Requirements
4.8.5 Alternative Designs for Manually Operated Closures
4.8.6 Supplementary Requirements for Quick-Actuating (Quick-Opening) Closures
4.9 Design Rules for Braced and Stayed Surfaces [Go to Page]
4.9.1 Scope
4.9.2 Required Thickness of Braced and Stayed Surfaces
4.9.3 Required Dimensions and Layout of Staybolts and Stays
4.9.4 Requirements for Welded-in Staybolts and Welded Stays
4.9.5 Nomenclature
4.9.6 Tables
4.9.7 Figures
4.10 Design Rules for Ligaments [Go to Page]
4.10.1 Scope
4.10.2 Ligament Efficiency
4.10.3 Ligament Efficiency and the Weld Joint Factor
4.10.4 Nomenclature
4.10.5 Figures
4.11 Design Rules for Jacketed Vessels [Go to Page]
4.11.1 Scope
4.11.2 Design of Jacketed Shells and Jacketed Heads
4.11.3 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Vessel
4.11.4 Design of Penetrations Through Jackets
4.11.5 Design of Partial Jackets
4.11.6 Design of Half-Pipe Jackets
4.11.7 Nomenclature
4.11.8 Tables
4.11.9 Figures
4.12 Design Rules for Noncircular Vessels [Go to Page]
4.12.1 Scope
4.12.2 General Design Requirements
4.12.3 Requirements for Vessels With Reinforcement
4.12.4 Requirements for Vessels With Stays
4.12.5 Requirements for Rectangular Vessels With Small Aspect Ratios
4.12.6 Weld Joint Factors and Ligament Efficiency
4.12.7 Design Procedure
4.12.8 Noncircular Vessels Subject to External Pressure
4.12.9 Rectangular Vessels With Two or More Compartments of Unequal Size
4.12.10 Fabrication
4.12.11 Nomenclature
4.12.12 Tables
4.12.13 Figures
4.13 Design Rules for Layered Vessels [Go to Page]
4.13.1 Scope
4.13.2 Definitions
4.13.3 General
4.13.4 Design for Internal Pressure
4.13.5 Design for External Pressure
4.13.6 Design of Welded Joints
4.13.7 Nozzles and Nozzle Reinforcement
4.13.8 Flat Heads
4.13.9 Bolted and Studded Connections
4.13.10 Attachments and Supports
4.13.11 Vent Holes
4.13.12 Shell Tolerances
4.13.13 Nomenclature
4.13.14 Figures
4.14 Evaluation of Vessels Outside of Tolerance [Go to Page]
4.14.1 Shell Tolerances
4.14.2 Local Thin Areas
4.14.3 Marking and Reports
4.14.4 Figures
4.15 Design Rules for Supports and Attachments [Go to Page]
4.15.1 Scope
4.15.2 Design of Supports
4.15.3 Saddle Supports for Horizontal Vessels
4.15.4 Skirt Supports for Vertical Vessels
4.15.5 Lug and Leg Supports
4.15.6 Nomenclature
4.15.7 Tables
4.15.8 Figures
4.16 Design Rules for Flanged Joints [Go to Page]
4.16.1 Scope
4.16.2 Design Considerations
4.16.3 Flange Types
4.16.4 Flange Materials
4.16.5 Gasket Materials
4.16.6 Design Bolt Loads
4.16.7 Flange Design Procedure
4.16.8 Split Loose Type Flanges
4.16.9 Noncircular Shaped Flanges With a Circular Bore
4.16.10 Flanges With Nut Stops
4.16.11 Joint Assembly Procedures
4.16.12 Evaluation of External Forces and Moments for Flanged Joints With Standard Flanges
4.16.13 Nomenclature
4.16.14 Tables
4.16.15 Figures
4.17 Design Rules for Clamped Connections [Go to Page]
4.17.1 Scope
4.17.2 Design Considerations
4.17.3 Flange Materials
4.17.4 Design Bolt Loads
4.17.5 Flange and Clamp Design Procedure
4.17.6 Nomenclature
4.17.7 Tables
4.17.8 Figures
4.18 Design Rules for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers [Go to Page]
4.18.1 Scope
4.18.2 Terminology
4.18.3 General Design Considerations
4.18.4 General Conditions of Applicability for Tubesheets
4.18.5 Tubesheet Flanged Extension
4.18.6 Tubesheet Characteristics
4.18.7 Rules for the Design of U-Tube Tubesheets
4.18.8 Rules for the Design of Fixed Tubesheets
4.18.9 Rules for the Design of Floating Tubesheets
4.18.11 Bellows Expansion Joints
4.18.12 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints
4.18.13 Pressure Test Requirements
4.18.14 Heat Exchanger Marking and Reports
4.18.15 Nomenclature
4.18.16 Tables
4.18.17 Figures
4.19 Design Rules for Bellows Expansion Joints [Go to Page]
4.19.1 Scope
4.19.2 Conditions of Applicability
4.19.3 Design Considerations
4.19.4 Materials
4.19.5 Design of U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows
4.19.6 Design of U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows
4.19.7 Design of Toroidal Bellows
4.19.8 Bellows Subjected to Axial, Lateral, or Angular Displacements
4.19.9 Pressure Test Design Requirements
4.19.10 Marking and Reports
4.19.11 Nomenclature
4.19.12 Tables
4.19.13 Figures
4.19.14 Specification Sheets
4.20 Design Rules for Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints [Go to Page]
4.20.1 Scope
4.20.2 Conditions of Applicability
4.20.3 Design Considerations
4.20.4 Materials
4.20.5 Design
4.20.6 Marking and Reports
4.20.7 Nomenclature
4.20.8 Figures
4.21 Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint Strength [Go to Page]
4.21.1 Scope
4.21.2 Joint Strength by Calculation
4.21.3 Joint Strength Factors
4.21.4 Nomenclature
4.21.5 Tables
4.21.6 Figures
Annex 4-A
Annex 4-B Guide for the Design and Operation of Quick-Actuating (Quick-Opening) Closures [Go to Page]
4-B.1 Introduction [Go to Page]
4-B.1.1
4-B.1.2
4-B.1.3
4-B.2 Responsibilities [Go to Page]
4-B.2.1
4-B.2.2
4-B.2.3
4-B.3 Design [Go to Page]
4-B.3.1
4-B.3.2
4-B.3.3
4-B.3.4
4-B.3.5
4-B.3.6
4-B.3.7
4-B.3.8
4-B.3.9
4-B.4 Installation [Go to Page]
4-B.4.1
4-B.4.2
4-B.4.3
4-B.4.4
4-B.4.5
4-B.5 Inspection [Go to Page]
4-B.5.1
4-B.5.2
4-B.6 Training [Go to Page]
4-B.6.1
4-B.6.2
4-B.6.3
4-B.6.4
4-B.7 Administrative Controls
Annex 4-D Guidance to Accommodate Loadings Produced by Deflagration [Go to Page]
4-D.1 Scope
4-D.2 General
4-D.3 Design Limitations
4-D.4 Design Criteria [Go to Page]
4-D.4.1 Safety Margin
4-D.4.2 Likelihood of Occurrence
4-D.4.3 Consequences of Occurrence
4-D.4.4 Strain Concentration
4-D.5 References
Annex 4-E Tube Expanding Procedures and Qualification [Go to Page]
4-E.1 General
4-E.2 Scope
4-E.3 Terms and Definitions
4-E.4 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS)
4-E.5 Tube Expanding Procedure Qualification [Go to Page]
4-E.5.1 No Test Qualification
4-E.5.2 Test Qualification
4-E.5.3 Tube Expanding Procedure Qualification Record (TEPQR) for Test Joint Efficiencies
4-E.6 Tube Expanding Performance Qualification (TEPQ) [Go to Page]
4-E.6.1 No Test Qualification
4-E.6.2 Test Qualification
4-E.7 Tube Expanding Variables [Go to Page]
4-E.7.1 Essential Variables for All Expanding Processes
4-E.7.2 Essential Variables for Roller Expanding
4-E.7.3 Essential Variables for Hydraulic Expanding
4-E.7.4 Essential Variables for Explosive Expanding
4-E.7.5 Essential Variables for Hybrid Expanding
4-E.7.6 Nonessential Variables
Part 5 Design by Analysis Requirements [Go to Page]
5.1 General Requirements [Go to Page]
5.1.1 Scope
5.1.2 Numerical Analysis
5.1.3 Loading Conditions
5.2 Protection Against Plastic Collapse [Go to Page]
5.2.1 Overview
5.2.2 Elastic Stress Analysis Method
5.2.3 Limit-Load Analysis Method
5.2.4 Elastic–Plastic Stress Analysis Method
5.3 Protection Against Local Failure [Go to Page]
5.3.1 Overview
5.3.2 Elastic Analysis — Triaxial Stress Limit
5.3.3 Elastic–Plastic Analysis — Local Strain Limit
5.4 Protection Against Collapse From Buckling [Go to Page]
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Buckling Analysis — Method A
5.4.3 Buckling Analysis — Method B
5.5 Protection Against Failure From Cyclic Loading [Go to Page]
5.5.1 Overview
5.5.2 Screening Criteria for Fatigue Analysis
5.5.3 Fatigue Assessment — Elastic Stress Analysis and Equivalent Stresses
5.5.4 Fatigue Assessment — Elastic–Plastic Stress Analysis and Equivalent Strains
5.5.5 Fatigue Assessment of Welds — Elastic Analysis and Structural Stress
5.5.6 Ratcheting Assessment — Elastic Stress Analysis
5.5.7 Ratcheting Assessment — Elastic–Plastic Stress Analysis
5.6 Supplemental Requirements for Stress Classification in Nozzle Necks
5.7 Supplemental Requirements for Bolts [Go to Page]
5.7.1 Design Requirements
5.7.2 Service Stress Requirements
5.7.3 Fatigue Assessment of Bolts
5.8 Supplemental Requirements for Perforated Plates
5.9 Supplemental Requirements for Layered Vessels
5.10 Experimental Stress Analysis
5.11 Fracture Mechanics Evaluations
5.12 Definitions
5.13 Nomenclature
5.14 Tables
5.15 Figures
Annex 5-A Linearization of Stress Results for Stress Classification [Go to Page]
5-A.1 Scope
5-A.2 General
5-A.3 Selection of Stress Classification Lines
5-A.4 Stress Integration Method [Go to Page]
5-A.4.1 Continuum Elements
5-A.4.2 Shell Elements
5-A.5 Structural Stress Method Based on Nodal Forces [Go to Page]
5-A.5.1 Overview
5-A.5.2 Continuum Elements
5-A.5.3 Shell Elements
5-A.6 Structural Stress Method Based on Stress Integration
5-A.7 Nomenclature
5-A.8 Tables
5-A.9 Figures
Annex 5-B Histogram Development and Cycle Counting for Fatigue Analysis [Go to Page]
5-B.1 General
5-B.2 Definitions
5-B.3 Histogram Development [Go to Page]
5-B.3.1
5-B.4 Cycle Counting Using the Rainflow Method [Go to Page]
5-B.4.1
5-B.4.2 Recommended Procedure
5-B.5 Cycle Counting Using Max–Min Cycle Counting Method [Go to Page]
5-B.5.1 Overview
5-B.5.2 Recommended Procedure
5-B.6 Nomenclature
Annex 5-C Alternative Plasticity Adjustment Factors and Effective Alternating Stress for Elastic Fatigue Analysis [Go to Page]
5-C.1 Scope [Go to Page]
5-C.1.1
5-C.2 Definitions [Go to Page]
5-C.2.1 Thermal Bending Stress
5-C.2.2 Local Thermal Stress
5-C.3 Effective Alternating Stress for Elastic Fatigue Analysis [Go to Page]
5-C.3.1
5-C.3.2
5-C.4 Nomenclature
Annex 5-D Stress Indices [Go to Page]
5-D.1 General [Go to Page]
5-D.1.1
5-D.1.2
5-D.1.3
5-D.2 Stress Indices for Radial Nozzles [Go to Page]
5-D.2.1
5-D.2.2
5-D.3 Stress Indices for Laterals [Go to Page]
5-D.3.1
5-D.3.2
5-D.4 Nomenclature
5-D.5 Tables
5-D.6 Figures
Annex 5-E Design Methods for Perforated Plates Based on Elastic Stress Analysis [Go to Page]
5-E.1 Overview [Go to Page]
5-E.1.1
5-E.1.2
5-E.2 Stress Analysis of the Equivalent Solid Plate [Go to Page]
5-E.2.1
5-E.2.2
5-E.3 Stiffness Effects of the Tubes [Go to Page]
5-E.3.1
5-E.3.2
5-E.4 Effective Material Properties for the Equivalent Solid Plate [Go to Page]
5-E.4.1
5-E.4.2
5-E.4.3
5-E.4.4
5-E.5 Pressure Effects in Tubesheet Perforations [Go to Page]
5-E.5.1
5-E.5.2
5-E.5.3
5-E.5.4
5-E.6 Protection Against Plastic Collapse [Go to Page]
5-E.6.1 Uniform Hole Pattern
5-E.6.2 Primary Membrane (General or Local) Plus Primary Bending Plus Secondary Equivalent Stress, PL + PB + Q
5-E.7 Protection Against Cyclic Loading [Go to Page]
5-E.7.1 Stress Components From the Equivalent Plate
5-E.7.2 Stress Components for Fatigue Assessment
5-E.7.3 Stress Range for Fatigue Assessment
5-E.8 Nomenclature
5-E.9 Tables
5-E.10 Figures
Annex 5-F Experimental Stress and Fatigue Analysis [Go to Page]
5-F.1 Overview [Go to Page]
5-F.1.1
5-F.1.2
5-F.1.3
5-F.1.4
5-F.2 Strain Measurement Test Procedure for Stress Components [Go to Page]
5-F.2.1
5-F.2.2
5-F.2.3
5-F.2.4
5-F.2.5
5-F.2.6
5-F.2.7
5-F.2.8
5-F.2.9
5-F.2.10
5-F.3 Protection Against Cyclic Loading [Go to Page]
5-F.3.1
5-F.3.2
5-F.3.3
5-F.3.4
5-F.3.5
5-F.3.6
5-F.3.7
5-F.3.8
5-F.3.9
5-F.3.10
5-F.4 Nomenclature
5-F.5 Figures
Part 6 Fabrication Requirements [Go to Page]
6.1 General Fabrication Requirements [Go to Page]
6.1.1 Materials
6.1.2 Forming
6.1.3 Base Metal Preparation
6.1.4 Fitting and Alignment
6.1.5 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Welded
6.1.6 Alignment Tolerances for Edges to Be Butt Welded
6.2 Welding Fabrication Requirements [Go to Page]
6.2.1 Welding Processes
6.2.2 Welding Qualifications and Records
6.2.3 Precautions to Be Taken Before Welding
6.2.4 Specific Requirements for Welded Joints
6.2.5 Miscellaneous Welding Requirements
6.2.6 Summary of Joints Permitted and Their Examination
6.2.7 Repair of Weld Defects
6.2.8 Special Requirements for Welding Test Plates for Titanium Materials
6.3 Special Requirements for Tube-to-Tubesheet Welds [Go to Page]
6.3.1 Material Requirements
6.3.2 Holes in Tubesheets
6.3.3 Weld Design and Joint Preparation
6.3.4 Qualification of Welding Procedure
6.4 Preheating and Heat Treatment of Weldments [Go to Page]
6.4.1 Requirements for Preheating of Welds
6.4.2 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment
6.4.3 Procedures for Postweld Heat Treatment
6.4.4 Operation of Postweld Heat Treatment
6.4.5 Postweld Heat Treatment After Repairs
6.4.6 Postweld Heat Treatment of Nonferrous Materials
6.5 Special Requirements for Clad or Weld Overlay Linings, and Lined Parts [Go to Page]
6.5.1 Materials
6.5.2 Joints in Corrosion Resistant Clad or Weld Metal Overlay Linings
6.5.3 Welding Procedures
6.5.4 Methods to Be Used in Attaching Applied Linings
6.5.5 Postweld Heat Treatment of Clad and Lined Weldments
6.5.6 Requirements for Base Material With Corrosion Resistant Integral or Weld Metal Overlay Cladding
6.5.7 Examination Requirements
6.5.8 Inspection and Tests
6.5.9 Stamping and Reports
6.6 Special Requirements for Tensile Property Enhanced Q&T Ferritic Steels [Go to Page]
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Marking on Plates and Other Materials
6.6.3 Requirements for Heat Treating After Forming
6.6.4 Minimum Thickness after Forming
6.6.5 Welding Requirements
6.6.6 Postweld Heat Treatment
6.6.7 Heat Treatment Certification Tests
6.6.8 Examination Requirements
6.6.9 Inspection and Tests
6.6.10 Stamping and Reports
6.7 Special Requirements for Forged Fabrication [Go to Page]
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Ultrasonic Examination
6.7.3 Toughness Requirements
6.7.4 Tolerances on Cylindrical Forgings
6.7.5 Methods of Forming Forged Heads
6.7.6 Heat Treatment Requirements for Forged Fabrication
6.7.7 Welding for Fabrication
6.7.8 Repair of Defects in Material
6.7.9 Threaded Connections to Vessel Walls, Forged Necks, and Heads
6.7.10 Inspection, Examination, and Testing
6.7.11 Stamping and Reports for Forged Vessels
6.7.12 Overpressure Protection
6.8 Special Fabrication Requirements for Layered Vessels [Go to Page]
6.8.1 General
6.8.2 General Fabrication Requirements
6.8.3 Welding Fabrication Requirements
6.8.4 Welding Qualification and Records
6.8.5 Specific Requirements for Welded Joints
6.8.6 Nondestructive Examination of Welded Joints
6.8.7 Welded Joint Efficiency
6.8.8 Contact Between Layers
6.8.9 Vent Holes
6.8.10 Heat Treatment of Weldments
6.9 Special Fabrication Requirements for Expansion Joints [Go to Page]
6.9.1 Bellows Expansion Joints
6.9.2 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints
6.10 Nomenclature
6.11 Tables
6.12 Figures
Annex 6-A Positive Material Identification Practice [Go to Page]
6-A.1 Introduction [Go to Page]
6-A.1.1
6-A.1.2
6-A.2 References
6-A.3 Definitions
6-A.4 Scope [Go to Page]
6-A.4.1
6-A.4.2
6-A.4.3
6-A.4.4
6-A.4.5
6-A.5 Recommended Sampling Rates [Go to Page]
6-A.5.1
6-A.5.2
6-A.5.3
6-A.5.4
6-A.6 General Requirements [Go to Page]
6-A.6.1
6-A.6.2
6-A.6.3
6-A.6.4
6-A.6.5
6-A.6.6
6-A.6.7
6-A.6.8
6-A.6.9
6-A.6.10
6-A.6.11
6-A.6.12
6-A.7 Written Practice [Go to Page]
6-A.7.1
6-A.7.2
6-A.7.3
6-A.7.4
6-A.7.5
6-A.7.6
6-A.7.7
6-A.7.8
6-A.7.9
6-A.7.10
6-A.7.11
6-A.7.12
6-A.8 Marking [Go to Page]
6-A.8.1
6-A.8.2
6-A.8.3
6-A.8.4
6-A.8.5
6-A.9 Documentation [Go to Page]
6-A.9.1
6-A.9.2
6-A.9.3
6-A.9.4
6-A.9.5
Part 7 Inspection and Examination Requirements [Go to Page]
7.1 General
7.2 Responsibilities and Duties [Go to Page]
7.2.1 Responsibilities and Duties of the Manufacturer and Inspector
7.2.2 Access for Inspector
7.2.3 Notification of Work Progress
7.3 Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel
7.4 Examination of Welded Joints [Go to Page]
7.4.1 Nondestructive Examination Requirements
7.4.2 Examination Groups for Pressure Vessels
7.4.3 Extent of Nondestructive Examination
7.4.4 Selection of Examination Method for Internal (Volumetric) Flaws
7.4.5 Selection of Examination Method for Surface Flaws
7.4.6 Surface Condition and Preparation
7.4.7 Supplemental Examination for Cyclic Service
7.4.8 Examination and Inspection of Vessels With Protective Linings and Cladding
7.4.9 Examination and Inspection of Tensile Property Enhanced Q&T Vessels
7.4.10 Examination and Inspection of Integrally Forged Vessels
7.4.11 Examination and Inspection of Fabricated Layered Vessels
7.4.12 Examination and Inspection of Expansion Joints
7.5 Examination Method and Acceptance Criteria [Go to Page]
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Visual Examination
7.5.3 Radiographic Examination
7.5.4 Ultrasonic Examination
7.5.5 Ultrasonic Examination Used in Lieu of Radiographic Examination
7.5.6 Magnetic Particle Examination (MT)
7.5.7 Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT)
7.5.8 Eddy Current Surface Examination Procedure Requirements (ET)
7.5.9 Evaluation and Retest for Partial Examination
7.6 Final Examination of Vessel [Go to Page]
7.6.1 Surface Examination after Hydrotest
7.6.2 Inspection of Lined Vessel Interior After Hydrotest
7.7 Leak Testing
7.8 Acoustic Emission
7.9 Tables
7.10 Figures
Annex 7-A Responsibilities and Duties for Inspection and Examination Activities [Go to Page]
7-A.1 General
7-A.2 Manufacturer’s Responsibility [Go to Page]
7-A.2.1 The Manufacturer
7-A.2.2 Inspection and Examination Duties
7-A.3 Inspector’s Responsibility [Go to Page]
7-A.3.1 The Inspector
7-A.3.2 Inspection and Examination Duties
7-A.4 Tables
Part 8 Pressure Testing Requirements [Go to Page]
8.1 General Requirements [Go to Page]
8.1.1 Selection of Pressure Test Methods
8.1.2 Precautions
8.1.3 Requirements for Vessels of Specific Construction
8.1.4 Pressure Gages
8.1.5 Test Gaskets and Fasteners
8.2 Testing [Go to Page]
8.2.1 Test Pressure
8.2.2 Preparation for Testing
8.2.3 Test Fluid
8.2.4 Test Procedures
8.2.5 Test Inspection and Acceptance Criteria
8.3 Alternative Pressure Testing [Go to Page]
8.3.1 Hydrostatic–Pneumatic Tests
8.3.2 Leak Tightness Testing
8.4 Documentation
8.5 Nomenclature
Part 9 Pressure Vessel Overpressure Protection [Go to Page]
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Responsibilities
9.3 Determination of Pressure-Relieving Requirements
9.4 Overpressure Limits
9.5 Permitted Pressure Relief Devices and Methods
9.6 Pressure Settings and Performance Requirements
9.7 Installation
Annex 9-A Best Practices for the Installation and Operation of Pressure Relief Devices [Go to Page]
9-A.1 Introduction
9-A.2 Provisions for the Installation of Stop Valves in the Relief Path
9-A.3 Inlet Piping Pressure Drop for Pressure Relief Valves
9-A.4 Discharge Lines from Pressure Relief Devices
9-A.5 Cautions Regarding Pressure Relief Device Discharge into a Common Header
9-A.6 Pressure Differentials (Operating Margin) for Pressure Relief Valves [Go to Page]
9-A.6.1 General
9-A.6.2 Considerations for Establishing the Operating Margin
9-A.7 Pressure Relief Valve Orientation
9-A.8 Reaction Forces and Externally Applied Piping Loads
9-A.9 Sizing of Pressure Relief Devices for Fire Conditions
9-A.10 Use of Pressure-Indicating Devices to Monitor Pressure Differential
Annex 9-B Guide to the Relocation of Overpressure Protection Requirements
Figures [Go to Page]
2-F.1 Form of Stamping
3.1 Cr–Mo Heat Treatment Criteria
3.2 Typical Locations for Tensile Specimens
3.3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Not Subject to PWHT
3.3M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Not Subject to PWHT
3.4 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts
3.4M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts
3.5 Illustration of Lateral Expansion in a Broken Charpy V-Notch Specimen
3.6 Lateral Expansion Requirements
3.6M Lateral Expansion Requirements
3.7 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Welded Parts Not Subject to PWHT
3.7M Impact Test Exemption Curves — Welded Parts Not Subject to PWHT
3.8 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Welded Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
3.8M Impact Test Exemption Curves — Welded Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
3.9 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
3.10 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
3.11 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
3.12 Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Not Subject to PWHT
3.12M Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Not Subject to PWHT
3.13 Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
3.13M Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
3.14 Orientation and Location of Transverse Charpy V-Notch Specimens
3.15 Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content
3.16 HAZ Impact Specimen Removal
3.17 Location of HAZ Specimen Removal
3-F.1 Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σuts ≤ 80 ksi
3-F.1M Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — σuts ≤ 552 MPa
3-F.2 Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σuts = 115 ksi to 130 ksi
3-F.2M Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — σuts = 793 MPa to 892 MPa
3-F.3 Fatigue Curve for Series 3XX High Alloy Steels, Austenitic-Ferritic Duplex Stainless Steels, Nickel–Chromium–Iron Alloy, Nickel–Iron–Chromium Alloy, and Nickel–Copper Alloy for Temperatures Not Exceeding 800°F
3-F.3M Fatigue Curve for Series 3XX High Alloy Steels, Austenitic-Ferritic Duplex Stainless Steels, Nickel–Chromium–Iron Alloy, Nickel–Iron–Chromium Alloy, and Nickel–Copper Alloy for Temperatures Not Exceeding 427°�C
3-F.4 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σys ≤ 18 ksi
3-F.4M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — σys ≤ 134 MPa
3-F.5 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σys = 30 ksi
3-F.5M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — σys = 207 MPa
3-F.6 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σys = 45 ksi
3-F.6M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — σys = 310 MPa
3-F.7 Fatigue Curve for Nickel–Chromium–Molybdenum–Iron Alloys X, G, C-4, and C-276 for Temperatures Not Exceeding 800°F
3-F.7M Fatigue Curve for Nickel–Chromium–Molybdenum–Iron Alloys X, G, C-4, and C-276 for Temperatures Not Exceeding 427°�C
3-F.8 Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — Maximum Nominal Stress ≤ 2.7SM
3-F.8M Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — Maximum Nominal Stress ≤ 2.7SM
3-F.9 Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — Maximum Nominal Stress > 2.7SM
3-F.9M Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°�C — Maximum Nominal Stress > 2.7SM
4.2.1 Weld Joint Locations Typical of Categories A, B, C, D, E, and F
4.2.2 Some Bracket, Lug, and Stiffener Attachment Weld Details
4.2.3 Some Acceptable Methods of Attaching Stiffening Rings
4.2.4 Some Acceptable Skirt Weld Details
4.3.1 Conical Shell
4.3.2 Offset Transition Detail
4.3.3 Torispherical Head of Uniform Thickness
4.3.4 Torispherical Head of Different Thickness of Dome and Knuckle
4.3.5 Ellipsoidal Head
4.3.6 Local Thin Band in a Cylindrical Shell
4.3.7 Shells Subjected to Supplemental Loadings
4.3.8 Conical Transition Details
4.3.9 Reinforcement Requirements for Conical Transition Junction
4.3.10 Parameters for Knuckle and Flare Design
4.4.1 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Typical Vessel Configurations
4.4.2 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Cylindrical Shells
4.4.3 Stiffener Ring Parameters
4.4.4 Various Arrangements of Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure
4.4.5 Maximum Arc of Shell Left Unsupported Because of a Gap in the Stiffening Ring of a Cylindrical Shell Under External Pressure
4.4.6 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Conical Shells
4.4.7 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Conical Shell Transitions With or Without a Knuckle
4.5.1 Nomenclature for Reinforced Openings
4.5.2 Nomenclature for Variable Thickness Openings
4.5.3 Radial Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
4.5.4 Hillside Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
4.5.5 Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell Oriented at an Angle From the Longitudinal Axis
4.5.6 Radial Nozzle in a Conical Shell
4.5.7 Nozzle in a Conical Shell Oriented Perpendicular to the Longitudinal Axis
4.5.8 Nozzle in a Conical Shell Oriented Parallel to the Longitudinal Axis
4.5.9 Radial Nozzle in a Formed Head
4.5.10 Hillside or Perpendicular Nozzle in a Spherical Shell or Formed Head
4.5.11 Example of Two Adjacent Nozzle Openings
4.5.12 Example of Three Adjacent Nozzle Openings
4.5.13 Metal Area Definition for A2 With Variable Thickness of Set-in Nozzles
4.5.14 Metal Area Definition for A2 With Variable Thickness of Set-on Nozzles
4.6.1 Integral Flat Head With a Large Central Opening
4.7.1 Type A Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
4.7.2 Type B Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
4.7.3 Type C Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
4.7.4 Type D Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
4.7.5 Type D Head Geometry for Alternative Design Procedure
4.9.1 Typical Forms of Welded Staybolts
4.10.1 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row
4.10.2 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row
4.10.3 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row
4.10.4 Example of Tube Spacing With the Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines
4.10.5 Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells
4.10.6 Diagram for Determining the Equivalent Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells
4.11.1 Types of Jacketed Vessels
4.11.2 Types of Partial Jackets
4.11.3 Half Pipe Jackets
4.12.1 Type 1 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section)
4.12.2 Type 2 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Unequal Side Plate Thicknesses)
4.12.3 Type 3 Noncircular Vessels Chamfered Rectangular Cross Section)
4.12.4 Type 4 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section)
4.12.5 Type 5 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
4.12.6 Type 6 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Octagonal Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
4.12.7 Type 6 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Octagonal Cross Section With Chamfered Corners — Details)
4.12.8 Type 7 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
4.12.9 Type 8 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Double-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
4.12.10 Type 9 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section)
4.12.11 Type 10 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Obround Cross Section)
4.12.12 Type 11 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
4.12.13 Type 12 Noncircular Vessels (Circular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate)
4.12.14 Multi-Diameter Holes
4.12.15 Rectangular Vessels With Multiple Compartments
4.13.1 Some Acceptable Layered Shell Types
4.13.2 Some Acceptable Layered Head Types
4.13.3 Transitions of Layered Shell Sections
4.13.4 Some Acceptable Welded Joints of Layered-to-Layered and Layered-to-Solid Sections
4.13.5 Some Acceptable Solid Head Attachments to Layered Shell Sections
4.13.6 Some Acceptable Flat Heads and Tubesheets With Hubs Joining Layered Shell Sections
4.13.7 Some Acceptable Flanges for Layered Shells
4.13.8 Some Acceptable Layered Head Attachments to Layered Shells
4.13.9 Some Acceptable Nozzle Attachments to Layered Shell Sections
4.13.10 Some Acceptable Supports for Layered Vessels
4.13.11 Gap Between Vessel Layers
4.14.1 LTA Blend Radius Requirements
4.15.1 Horizontal Vessel on Saddle Supports
4.15.2 Cylindrical Shell Without Stiffening Rings
4.15.3 Cylindrical Shell With Stiffening Rings in the Plane of the Saddle
4.15.4 Cylindrical Shell With Stiffening Rings on Both Sides of the Saddle
4.15.5 Locations of Maximum Longitudinal Normal Stress and Shear Stress in the Cylinder
4.15.6 Locations of Maximum Circumferential Normal Stresses in the Cylinder
4.15.7 Skirt Attachment Location on Vertical Vessels
4.15.8 A Typical Hot-Box Arrangement for Skirt Supported Vertical Vessels
4.16.1 Integral Type Flanges
4.16.2 Integral Type Flanges With a Hub
4.16.3 Integral Type Flanges With Nut Stops — Diameter Less Than or Equal to 450 mm (18 in.)
4.16.4 Integral Type Flanges With Nut Stops — Diameter Greater Than 450 mm (18 in.)
4.16.5 Loose Type Flanges
4.16.6 Loose-Type Lap Joint Type Flanges
4.16.7 Reverse Flanges
4.16.8 Location of Gasket Reaction Load Diameter
4.17.1 Typical Hub and Clamp Configuration
4.17.2 Typical Clamp Lugs Configurations
4.18.1 Terminology of Heat Exchanger Components
4.18.2 Tubesheet Geometry
4.18.3 Typical Untubed Lane Configurations
4.18.4 U-Tube Tubesheet Configurations
4.18.5 Fixed Tubesheet Configurations
4.18.6 Zd, Zv, Zw, and Zm Versus Xa
4.18.7 Fm Versus Xa (0.0 ≤ Q3 ≤ 0.8)
4.18.8 Fm Versus Xa (−0.8 ≤ Q3 ≤ 0.0)
4.18.9 Different Shell Thickness and/or Material Adjacent to the Tubesheets
4.18.10 Floating Tubesheet Heat Exchangers
4.18.11 Stationary Tubesheet Configurations
4.18.12 Floating Tubesheet Configurations
4.18.14 Tube Layout Perimeter
4.18.15 Integral Channels
4.18.16 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Minimum Required Thickness of the Tubesheet Flanged Extension, hr
4.18.17 Kettle Shell
4.18.18 Location of Tubesheet Metal Temperature, Tʹ, at the Rim
4.18.19 Nozzles Adjacent to Tubesheets
4.19.1 Typical Bellows Expansion Joints
4.19.2 Starting Points for the Measurement of the Length of Shell on Each Side of Bellows
4.19.3 Possible Convolution Profile in Neutral Position
4.19.4 Dimensions to Determine Ixx
4.19.5 Bellows Subjected to an Axial Displacement x
4.19.6 Bellows Subjected to a Lateral Deflection y
4.19.7 Bellows Subjected to an Angular Rotation θ
4.19.8 Cyclic Displacements
4.19.9 Cyclic Displacements
4.19.10 Cyclic Displacements
4.19.11 Some Typical Expansion Bellows Attachment Welds
4.19.12 Cp Versus C1 and C2
4.19.13 Cf Versus C1 and C2
4.19.14 Cd Versus C1 and C2
4.20.1 Typical Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints
4.20.2 Typical Nozzle Attachment Details Showing Minimum Length of Straight Flange or Outer Shell Element
4.21.1 Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints Acceptable to Determine Joint Strength by Calculation
4.21.2 Some Acceptable Types of Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
4.21.3 Typical Test Fixtures for Expanded or Welded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
5.1 Stress Categories and Limits of Equivalent Stress
5.2 Example of Girth Weld Used to Tie Layers for Solid Wall Equivalence
5.3 Example of Circumferential Butt Weld Attachment Between Layered Sections in Zone of Discontinuity
5.4 An Example of Circle Weld Used to Tie Layers for Solid Wall Equivalence
5-A.1 Stress Classification Line (SCL) and Stress Classification Plane (SCP)
5-A.2 Stress Classification Lines (SCLs)
5-A.3 Stress Classification Line Orientation and Validity Guidelines
5-A.4 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Stress Integration Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Continuum Elements
5-A.5 Continuum Finite Element Model Stress Classification Line for the Structural Stress Method
5-A.6 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Structural Stress Method Using Nodal Force Results From a Finite Element Model With Continuum Elements
5-A.7 Processing Nodal Force Results With the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Three-Dimensional Second Order Continuum Elements
5-A.8 Processing Structural Stress Method Results for a Symmetric Structural Stress Range
5-A.9 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Shell Elements
5-A.10 Processing Nodal Force Results With the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Three-Dimensional Second Order Shell Elements
5-A.11 Element Sets for Processing Finite Element Nodal Stress Results With the Structural Stress Method Based on Stress Integration
5-D.1 Direction of Stress Components
5-D.2 Nozzle Nomenclature and Dimensions
5-D.3 Nomenclature and Loading for Laterals
5-E.1 Perforated Plate Geometry Details
5-E.2 Perforated Plate Geometry Details
5-E.3 Boundary Conditions for Numerical Analysis
5-E.4 Stress Orientations for Perforated Plate With Triangular Pattern Holes
5-E.5 Stress Orientations for Perforated Plate With Square Pattern Holes
5-F.1 Construction of the Testing Parameter Ratio Diagram
5-F.2 Construction of the Testing Parameter Ratio Diagram for Accelerated Tests
6.1 Peaking Height at a Category A Joint
6.2 Weld Toe Dressing
6.3 Forged Bottle Construction
6.4 Solid-to-Layer and Layer-to-Layer Test Plates
6.5 Tensile Specimens for Layered Vessel Construction
6.6 Toroidal Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances
7.1 Examination of Layered Vessels
7.2 Examination of Layered Vessels
7.3 Aligned Rounded Indications
7.4 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
7.5 Charts for 3 mm (1/8 in.) to 6 mm (1/4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
7.6 Charts for Over 6 mm (1/4 in.) to 10 mm (3/8 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
7.7 Charts for Over 10 mm (3/8 in.) to 19 mm (3/4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
7.8 Charts for Over 19 mm (3/4 in.) to 50 mm (2 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
7.9 Charts for Over 50 mm (2 in.) to 100 mm (4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
7.10 Charts for Over 100 mm (4 in.) Wall Thickness
7.11 Flaw Classification of Single Indication
7.12 Surface Flaw Acceptance Criteria
7.13 Subsurface Flaw Acceptance Criteria
7.14 Multiple Planar Flaws Oriented in a Plane Normal to the Pressure-Retaining Surface
7.15 Surface and Subsurface Flaws
7.16 Nonaligned Coplanar Flaws in a Plane Normal to the Pressure-Retaining Surface
7.17 Multiple Aligned Planar Flaws
7.18 Dimension a for Partial Penetration and Fillet Welds
7.19 Dimensions a and d for a Partial Penetration Corner Weld
Tables [Go to Page]
1.1 Year of Acceptable Edition of Referenced Standards in This Division
1.2 Standard Units for Use in Equations
1-C.1 Typical Size or Thickness Conversions for Fractions
1-C.2 Typical Size or Thickness Conversions
1-C.3 Typical Size or Length Conversions
1-C.4 Typical Nominal Pipe Size Conversions
1-C.5 Typical Area Conversions
1-C.6 Typical Volume Conversions
1-C.7 Typical Pressure Conversions
1-C.8 Typical Strength Conversions
1-C.9 Typical Temperature Conversions
1-C.10 Conversion Factors
2-A.1 Typical Certification of Compliance of the User’s Design Specification
2-B.1 Typical Certification of Compliance of the Manufacturer’s Design Report
2-D.1 Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s Data Reports
2-D.2 Supplementary Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s Data Reports for Layered Vessels
2-J.1 Design Activities Requiring a Certifying Engineer
3.1 Material Specifications
3.2 Composition Requirements for 2.25Cr–1Mo–0.25V Weld Metal
3.3 Toughness Requirements for 2.25Cr–1Mo Materials
3.4 Low Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
3.5 High Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
3.6 Aluminum Alloy, Copper, and Copper Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
3.7 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to 4.16
3.8 Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to Part 5
3.9 Maximum Severity Levels for Castings With a Thickness of Less Than 50 mm (2 in.)
3.10 Maximum Severity Levels for Castings With a Thickness of 50 mm to 305 mm (2 in. to 12 in.)
3.11 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below the Minimum Design Metal Temperature
3.12 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.3 and 3.3M)
3.13 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Welded Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.4 and 3.4M)
3.14 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.7 and 3.7M)
3.15 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.8 and 3.8M)
3.16 Reduction in the MDMT, TR, Without Impact Testing — Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.12 and 3.12M)
3.17 Reduction in the MDMT, TR, Without Impact Testing — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.13 and 3.13M)
3.18 Required HAZ Impact Test Specimen Set Removal
3-A.1 Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Materials
3-A.2 Quenched and Tempered High Strength Steels
3-A.3 High Alloy Steel
3-A.4 Aluminum Alloys
3-A.5 Copper Alloys
3-A.6 Nickel and Nickel Alloys
3-A.7 Titanium and Titanium Alloys
3-A.8 Ferrous Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
3-A.9 Aluminum Alloy and Copper Alloy Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
3-A.10 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
3-A.11 Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 5
3-D.1 Stress–Strain Curve Parameters
3-D.2 Cyclic Stress–Strain Curve Data
3-D.2M Cyclic Stress–Strain Curve Data
3-F.1 Smooth Bar Fatigue Curve Stress Amplitude Correction Equations
3-F.2 Coefficients for the Welded Joint Fatigue Curves
3-F.2M Coefficients for the Welded Joint Fatigue Curves
4.1.1 Design Loads
4.1.2 Design Load Combinations
4.1.3 Load Factor, β, and Pressure Test Factors, βT, γmin, and γSt/S, for Class 1 and Class 2 Construction and Hydrostatic or Pneumatic Testing
4.2.1 Definition of Weld Categories
4.2.2 Definition of Weld Joint Types
4.2.3 Definition of Material Types for Welding and Fabrication Requirements
4.2.4 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Shell Seams
4.2.5 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Formed Heads
4.2.6 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Unstayed Flat Heads, Tubesheets Without a Bolting Flange, and Side Plates of Rectangular Pressure Vessels
4.2.7 Some Acceptable Weld Joints With Butt Weld Hubs
4.2.8 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Attachment of Tubesheets With a Bolting Flange
4.2.9 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Flange Attachments
4.2.10 Some Acceptable Full Penetration Welded Nozzle Attachments Not Readily Radiographable
4.2.11 Some Acceptable Pad Welded Nozzle Attachments and Other Connections to Shells
4.2.12 Some Acceptable Fitting-Type Welded Nozzle Attachments and Other Connections to Shells
4.2.13 Some Acceptable Welded Nozzle Attachments That Are Readily Radiographable
4.2.14 Some Acceptable Partial Penetration Nozzle Attachments
4.2.15 Nozzle Necks Attached to Piping of Lesser Wall Thickness
4.2.16 Corner Welds for Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints
4.3.1 Large End Junction
4.3.2 Small End Junction
4.3.3 Pressure Applied to Large End Junction
4.3.4 Equivalent Line Load Applied to Large End Junction
4.3.5 Pressure Applied to Small End Junction
4.3.6 Equivalent Line Load Applied to Small End Junction
4.3.7 Stress Calculations — Knuckle — Large End Cylinder
4.3.8 Stress Calculations — Flare — Small End Cylinder
4.4.1 Maximum Metal Temperature for Compressive Stress Rules
4.4.2 Algorithm for Computation of Predicted Inelastic Buckling Stress, Fic
4.5.1 Minimum Number of Pipe Threads for Connections
4.5.2 Nozzle Minimum Thickness Requirements
4.6.1 C Parameter for Flat Head Designs
4.6.2 Junction Stress Equations for an Integral Flat Head With Opening
4.6.3 Stress Acceptance Criteria for an Integral Flat Head With Opening
4.7.1 Junction Stress Equations and Acceptance Criteria for a Type D Head
4.9.1 Stress Factor for Braced and Stayed Surfaces
4.11.1 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Shell
4.11.2 Design of Jacket Penetration Details
4.11.3 Coefficients for Eq. (4.11.5)
4.12.1 Noncircular Vessel Configurations and Types
4.12.2 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 1 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section)
4.12.3 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 2 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Unequal Side Plate Thicknesses)
4.12.4 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 3 Noncircular Vessels (Chamfered Rectangular Cross Section)
4.12.5 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 4 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section)
4.12.6 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 5 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
4.12.7 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 6 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Octagonal Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
4.12.8 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 7 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
4.12.9 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 8 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Double-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
4.12.10 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 9 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section)
4.12.11 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 10 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Obround Cross Section)
4.12.12 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 11 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
4.12.13 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 12 Noncircular Vessels (Circular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate)
4.12.14 Effective Width Coefficient
4.12.15 Compressive Stress Calculations
4.15.1 Stress Coefficients for Horizontal Vessels on Saddle Supports
4.16.1 Gasket Factors for Determining the Bolt Loads
4.16.2 Recommended Minimum Gasket Contact Width
4.16.3 Effective Gasket Width for Determining the Bolt Loads
4.16.4 Flange Stress Factors Equations Involving Diameter
4.16.5 Flange Stress Factor Equations
4.16.6 Moment Arms for Flange Loads for the Operating Condition
4.16.7 Flange Moments of Inertia
4.16.8 Flange Stress Equations
4.16.9 Flange Stress Acceptance Criteria
4.16.10 Flange Rigidity Criterion
4.16.11 Bolt Spacing Equations
4.16.12 Moment Factor, FM
4.17.1 Flange Stress Equations
4.17.2 Flange Stress Acceptance Criteria
4.18.1 Effective Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio for a Perforated Plate With an Equilateral Triangular Hole Pattern
4.18.2 Effective Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern
4.18.3 Evaluation of Za, Zd, Zv, Zw, Zm, and Fm
4.18.4 Evaluation of Ft,min and Ft,max
4.18.5 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joint Load Cases and Stress Limits
4.18.6 Tubesheet Effective Bolt Load, W*
4.18.7 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for the Design Condition
4.18.8 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for Each Operating Condition x
4.18.9 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for Each Operating Condition x
4.19.1 Maximum Design Temperatures for Application of the Rules of 4.19
4.19.2 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
4.19.3 Method to Determine Coefficient Cp
4.19.4 Method to Determine Coefficient Cf
4.19.5 Method to Determine Coefficient Cd
4.19.6 Allowable Number of Cycles for U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows
4.19.7 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
4.19.8 Allowable Number of Cycles for U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows
4.19.9 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for Toroidal Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
4.19.10 Stress and Axial Stiffness Coefficients for Toroidal Bellows
4.19.11 Allowable Number of Cycles for Toroidal Bellows
4.21.1 Efficiencies for Welded and/or Expanded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
TEXP-1 Instructions for Filling Out TEPS Form
5.1 Loads and Load Cases to Be Considered in a Design
5.2 Load Combination Parameters
5.3 Load Case Combinations and Allowable Stresses for an Elastic Analysis
5.4 Load Case Combinations and Load Factors for a Limit-Load Analysis
5.5 Load Case Combinations and Load Factors for an Elastic–Plastic Analysis
5.6 Examples of Stress Classification
5.7 Uniaxial Strain Limit for Use in Multiaxial Strain Limit Criterion
5.8 Temperature Factors for Fatigue-Screening Criteria
5.9 Fatigue-Screening Criteria for Method A
5.10 Factors for Method B
5.11 Weld Surface Fatigue-Strength-Reduction Factors
5.12 Weld Surface Fatigue-Strength-Reduction Factors
5.13 Fatigue Penalty Factors for Fatigue Analysis
5.14 Load Case Combinations for Method A and Method B Buckling Analysis
5-A.1 Structural Stress Definitions for Continuum Finite Elements
5-A.2 Structural Stress Definitions for Shell or Plate Finite Elements
5-D.1 Stress Indices for Nozzles in Spherical Shells and Portions of Formed Heads
5-D.2 Stress Indices for Nozzles in Cylindrical Shells
5-D.3 Stress Indices for Laterals
5-E.1 Values of E* for Perforated Tubesheets With an Equilateral Triangular Pattern
5-E.2 Values of v* for Perforated Tubesheets With an Equilateral Triangular Pattern
5-E.3 Values of E* for Perforated Tubesheets With a Square Pattern
5-E.4 Values of v* for Perforated Tubesheets With a Square Pattern
5-E.5 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Triangular Hole Pattern
5-E.6 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern — Pitch Direction
5-E.7 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern — Diagonal Direction
5-E.8 Orthotropic Effective Elasticity Matrix for a Perforated Plate With an Equilateral Triangular Hole Pattern
5-E.9 Orthotropic Effective Elasticity Matrix for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern
5-E.10 Equations for Determining Stress Components Based on the Results From an Equivalent Plate Analysis for an Equilateral Rectangular Hole Pattern
5-E.11 Stress Factor Kx Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
5-E.12 Stress Factor Ky Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
5-E.13 Stress Factor Kxy Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
5-E.14 Stress Factor Kxz Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
5-E.15 Stress Factor Kyz Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
5-E.16 Stress Factors Kx and Ky Coefficients — Rectangular Hole Pattern
5-E.17 Stress Factor Kxy — Square Hole Pattern
5-E.18 Stress Factors Kxz and Kyz — Square Hole Pattern
5-E.19 Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Analysis (See Figure 5-E.3)
6.1 Equations for Calculating Forming Strains
6.2.A Post-Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat-Treatment Requirements for P-No. 15E Materials
6.2.B Post-Fabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment for High Alloy Materials
6.3 Post-Fabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment for Nonferrous Materials
6.4 Maximum Allowable Offset in Welded Joints
6.5 Welding Process Application Limitations
6.6 Maximum Reinforcement for Welded Joints
6.7 Minimum Preheat Temperatures for Welding
6.8 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 1, Group 1, 2, 3
6.9 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 3, Group 1, 2, 3
6.10 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 4, Group 1, 2
6.11 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 5A; P-No. 5B, Group 1; and P-No. 5C, Group 1
6.11.A Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 15E, Group 1
6.12 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 6, Group 1, 2, 3
6.13 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 7, Group 1, 2; and P-No. 8
6.14 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 9A, Group 1, and P-No. 9B, Group 1
6.15 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 10A, Group 1; P-No. 10C, Group 1; P-No. 10H, Group 1; P-No. 10I, Group 1; P-No. 10K, Group 1; and P-No. 45
6.16 Alternative Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements
6.17 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Quenched and Tempered Materials in Table 3-A.2
6.18 Quench and Tempered Steels Conditionally Exempt From Production Impact Tests
6.19 High Nickel Alloy Filler for Quench and Tempered Steels
6.20 Mandrel Radius for Guided Bend Tests for Forged Fabrication
6.21 U-Shaped Unreinforced and Reinforced Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances
6-A.9.2-1 Technical Data Sheet for PMI
7.1 Examination Groups for Pressure Vessels
7.2 Nondestructive Examination
7.3 Selection of Nondestructive Testing Method for Full Penetration Joints
7.4 Nondestructive Examination of Layered Vessels
7.5 NDE Techniques, Method, Characterization, Acceptance Criteria
7.6 Visual Examination Acceptance Criteria
7.7 Radiographic Acceptance Standards for Rounded Indications (Examples Only)
7.8 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 6 mm (1/4 in.) and Less Than 13 mm (1/2 in.)
7.9 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 13 mm (1/2 in.) and Less Than 25 mm (1 in.)
7.10 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 25 mm (1 in.) and Less Than or Equal to 300 mm (12 in.)
7.11 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Equal to or Greater Than 400 mm (16 in.)
7-A.1 Inspection and Examination Activities and Responsibilities/Duties
Forms [Go to Page]
A-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Vessels
A-1P Manufacturer’s Data Report for Plate Heat Exchangers
A-2 Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report
A-3 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet
A-3L Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet
A-4 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
4.19.1 Metric Form Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Bellows Expansion Joints, Metric Units
4.19.2 U.S. Customary Form Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Bellows Expansion Joints, U.S. Customary Units
TEXP-1 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS)
TEXP-2 Suggested Format for Tube-to-Tubesheet Expanding Procedure Qualification Record for Test Qualification (TEPQR) [Go to Page]

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