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ASHRAE Standard 228-2023 - Standard Method of Evaluating Zero Net Energy and Zero Net Carbon Building Performance (ANSI Approved), 2023
- ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 228-2023 [Go to Page]
- Contents
- Foreword
- 1. Purpose
- 2. Scope [Go to Page]
- 2.1 This standard covers
- 2.2 The provisions of this standard do not apply to
- 3. Definitions and Symbols [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Definitions
- 3.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms
- 4. Administration, Enforcement, and Compliance [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Administration and Enforcement
- 4.2 Compliance
- 4.3 Verification of Compliance, Submittals
- 5. Energy Flows Across the Site Boundary [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Scope. This section specifies the variables included in calculating the energy flows crossing the site boundary.
- 5.2 Measurement. Building, site, and boundary characteristics shall be reported on Normative Appendix A Form 1. Energy across the site boundary shall be reported on Normative Appendix A Form 2.
- 5.3 Energy Crossing the Site Boundary
- 6. Source Energy Performance [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Calculation. The annual source energy of a site and additional qualified renewable energy shall be reported using Normative Appendix A Form 3 in accordance with Section 6.2 and 6.3 and Section 8 based on energy flows identified in Sections 5 and ...
- 6.2 Source Energy Conversion Factors. Source energy use shall be calculated in accordance with Section 6.2.1 or 6.2.2.
- 6.3 Annual Site Calculation. Net source energy shall be calculated using source energy calculated from imported energy minus the total of exported energy and any qualified off-site renewable energy procurement in accordance with and discounted as det...
- 7. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Performance [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Calculation. The annual greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of a site shall be reported using Normative Appendix A Form 4 in accordance with Sections 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4, and Section 8 based on annual carbon related flows calculated in accordance with S...
- 7.2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors. GHG shall be calculated using a consistent time horizon by a qualified person in accordance with Section 7.3 and either Section 7.2.1 or Section 7.2.2.
- 7.3 Refrigerant Leakage. Projects shall account for refrigerant leakage and associated GHG. The unit leakage shall be calculated by taking the manufacturer’s specified charge and multiplying it by the typical annual leakage rate for that unit type ...
- 7.4 Annual Site Calculation. GHGnet shall be calculated using greenhouse gas emissions calculated from imported energy plus refrigerant leakage minus exported energy and any qualified off-site renewable energy and carbon offset procurement, in accord...
- 8. Qualifications for Off-Site Renewable Energy and Carbon Offset Procurement [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Calculation. The qualified off-site renewable energy procurement shall be calculated and reported using Normative Appendix A Form 5, Form 5A, and Form 5B in accordance with Sections 8.2 through 8.5. The qualified carbon offset procurement shall b...
- 8.2 Off-Site Renewable Energy Procurement Limit. Annual off-site renewable source energy procurement, including the discount factor given in Table 15, shall be less than or equal to the following:
- 8.3 Qualified Off-Site Renewable Energy Procurement. Projects shall be credited for off-site renewable energy resources, provided the renewable energy certificates are retired. Procured renewable energy, but not renewable energy certificates (RECs), ...
- 8.4 Off-Site Renewable Energy Restrictions. Off-site renewable energy procurement shall be from facilities located on property owned by the site’s owner, be from a community renewable energy facility, or be directly contracted and purchased accordi...
- 8.5 Off-Site Renewable Energy Discounting. Off-site renewable energy resources that began operation prior to January 1, 2022, shall be discounted by the factors in Table 15. For off-site renewable energy resources that begin operation on or after Jan...
- 8.6 Carbon Offset Procurement. Projects shall be credited for procured carbon offsets, provided the carbon offsets consist of carbon sequestered within 12 calendar months of the emissions the project is offsetting. A qualified person shall document o...
- 8.7 Credited Carbon Offset Limit and Procurement. Annual credited carbon offsets shall be less than or equal to the GHG emissions calculated from refrigerant leakage plus 20% of the GHG emissions calculated from imported energy in accordance with Equ...
- 8.8 Carbon Offset Procurement Registration Protocol and Retirement. Procured carbon offset retirement shall be documented in accordance with one of the following carbon offset registration protocols:
- 8.9 Carbon Offset Project Restrictions. Carbon offset projects shall be limited to technologies and strategies that permanently sequester carbon for a minimum of 200 years that are assessed to have a de minimus risk of release of sequestered emissions.
- 9. Normative References
- Normative Appendix A: Compliance Forms
- Informative Appendix B: Recommended Characteristics of Off-Site Renewable Energy Procurement
- Informative Appendix C: Embodied Energy and Carbon Calculations
- Informative Appendix D: Table Derivation Sources
- Informative Appendix E: Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for the United States Using 20-Year GWP Time Horizon
- Informative Appendix F: References and Bibliography
- ASHRAE Online Bookstore
- Addenda
- Errata [Go to Page]
