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eLibrary >
High-Performance Buildings Simplified: Designing, Constructing, and Operating Sustainable Commercial Buildings, Second Edition >
High-Performance Buildings Simplified: Designing, Constructing, and Operating Sustainable Commercial Buildings, Second Edition, 2024
- Supporting Files Online
- About the Authors
- Contents
- Preface and Acknowledgments
- Book Topics and Organization
- 1 - Introduction, Terminology, and Concepts [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Common Acronyms
- 1.2 Brief Definitions of Some Common Terms and Concepts
- 2 - Defining a High-Performance Building [Go to Page]
- 2.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: The Stakeholders’ Perspectives
- 2.2 Historical Perspective on the Approach to Building Design
- 2.3 Green, Sustainable, or High Performance?
- 2.4 The Triple Bottom Line: People, Profit, and Planet
- 2.5 Why High Performance is Important and When it is Applicable
- 2.6 Commitment to High-Performance Projects
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 3 - Certifications, Standards, Codes, and Guidance [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: Certification? Standards? Codes? Guidance?
- 3.2 Brief Comparison of the Different Mechanisms
- 3.3 Guidelines
- 3.4 Building Certification, Rating, and Labeling Systems [Go to Page]
- } Certification Systems
- } Rating or Labeling Systems
- } Summary
- 3.5 Minimum Building Standards and Codes [Go to Page]
- } The Building Permitting Process and Code Enforcement
- } The Basis for Building Codes
- } Energy Codes
- 3.6 High-Performance Building Standards and Codes [Go to Page]
- } Standard 189.1 and the IgCC
- } Other Jurisdictions and Codes
- Case Study
- Additional Resources for Further Study
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 4 - Building Design and Delivery Process [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: Who Influences and Makes Decisions Related to a Building’s Design and Construction?
- 4.2 Building Type Classification
- 4.3 Design Criteria
- 4.4 The Project Delivery Method [Go to Page]
- } Design Team
- } Phases of Design
- } Construction
- } Project Delivery Methods
- 4.5 Summary
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 5 - The Commissioning Process [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: What is Commissioning?
- 5.2 Commissioning: Concept and Adoption [Go to Page]
- } The Commissioning Provider (CxP)
- 5.3 Documents for the Commissioning Process [Go to Page]
- } The Commissioning Plan
- } Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR)
- } The Basis of Design (BoD)
- 5.4 Decisions during the Commissioning Process [Go to Page]
- } Selecting the CxP
- } Selecting Systems to Commission
- 5.5 Commissioning Phases [Go to Page]
- } Predesign
- } Design (Schematic and Detailed Design)
- } Construction
- } Acceptance
- } Warranty
- } Ongoing Commissioning
- 5.6 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 202
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 6 - Site Sustainability [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: Why Focus on the Building Site and Surroundings, and What Should We Focus On?
- 6.2 Location of the Building Project [Go to Page]
- } Community and Connectivity
- } Greenfield, Greyfield, and Brownfield Sites
- 6.3 Building Effects on the Site and Region [Go to Page]
- } Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect
- } Stormwater Management, Erosion, and Sedimentation
- } Exterior Lighting
- } Noise Pollution
- 6.4 Methods for Mitigating the Building's Impact [Go to Page]
- } Stormwater Management and Mitigation Techniques
- } Managing the UHI Effect: Cool Roofs, Walls, and Hardscape Materials
- } Green or Vegetated Roofs and Terraces
- } Light Pollution Control
- } Survey of the Building Site, Habitat Protection, and Restoration
- } Minimization of Impacts During Construction
- 6.5 Building Certification Programs and Code Requirements [Go to Page]
- } UHI Effect
- } Stormwater Management
- } Exterior Lighting
- Case Studies
- Additional Resources for Further Study
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 7 - Water Efficiency and Utilization [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: Why is Water Efficiency an Important Part of a High-Performance Building?
- 7.2 The Value of Water and Water Efficiency [Go to Page]
- } The Water-Energy Nexus
- } The Value of Water in Society
- 7.3 Where Water is Used in Commercial Buildings
- 7.4 Site Water Use [Go to Page]
- } Landscape Design
- } Determining Irrigation Demand
- } Choosing Water Sources for Irrigation
- 7.5 Internal Building Use (Domestic Water Consumption) [Go to Page]
- } Plumbing Fixtures
- } Appliances
- } Water Heaters
- 7.6 Building Processes [Go to Page]
- } HVAC
- } Commercial Food Services
- } Medical and Laboratory Facilities
- } Water Features, Pools, and Spas
- 7.7 Embodied Water
- 7.8 Alternative Water Sources—Reclaimed or Recovered Water Reuse [Go to Page]
- } Uses for Alternative Water Sources
- } Rainwater
- } Greywater Systems
- } HVAC Condensate
- } Toilet to Tap
- 7.9 Water Consumption Monitoring, Measuring, and Management [Go to Page]
- } What to Monitor and How to Measure
- } Using Monitoring Data to Maximize Efficiency
- 7.10 Prescriptive Measures versus Performance Goals: Estimating Water Consumption
- 7.11 Certification Systems and Code Requirements [Go to Page]
- } The USGBC LEED Green Building Rating System
- } IgCC/189.1
- Case Studies
- Additional Resources for Further Study
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 8 - Energy Conversion, Distribution, and Utilization [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercises: Why is Energy Use an Important Part of a High-Performance Building?
- 8.2 How Energy is Used in Commercial Buildings
- 8.3 HVAC Systems [Go to Page]
- } Centralized versus Decentralized Systems
- } Cooling and Heating Systems
- } Air Distribution and Ventilation Systems
- } HVAC Load Calculations
- 8.4 Lighting Systems [Go to Page]
- } High-Performance Lighting Design
- } Energy-Efficient Lighting Design
- } Daylighting and Daylight Harvesting
- 8.5 Plug Loads
- 8.6 Data Centers
- 8.7 Other Systems [Go to Page]
- } People Moving
- } Cooking
- 8.8 Energy Conversion and Storage [Go to Page]
- } Heating Systems
- } Cooling Systems
- } Heat Pumps
- } Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
- 8.9 Energy Delivery and Distribution [Go to Page]
- } Distribution Methods
- } Efficiency in Energy Distribution
- 8.10 Building Decarbonization
- 8.11 Application to Overall Building Design
- 8.12 Building Certification Programs and Code Requirements [Go to Page]
- } Building Certification Programs
- } IgCC/189.1
- Case Studies
- Additional Resources for Further Study
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 9 - Energy Sources and Generation [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: Should a High-Performance Building be Required to Have at Least Some Amount of On-Site Renewable Energy?
- 9.2 Energy Sources—General Discussion
- 9.3 Conventional Energy Sources [Go to Page]
- } Site Energy versus Source Energy
- } Electrical Energy Rates and Charges
- 9.4 Distributed Generation (DG)
- 9.5 Renewable Energy On and Off Site [Go to Page]
- } Buildings as Energy Prosumers
- } Solar Electric Energy Systems
- } Solar Thermal Energy Systems
- } Wind Power
- } Bio-Based Energy
- } Ground-Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs)
- } Deep-Water Cooling
- } Hydroelectric Power
- 9.6 Integrating Renewable Energy Systems into a Building
- 9.7 Building Certification Systems and Code Requirements [Go to Page]
- } LEED
- } IgCC/189.1
- Case Study
- Additional Resources for Further Study
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 10 - Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: What Does IEQ Actually Comprise?
- 10.2 The Importance of IEQ: The 3-30-300 Rule of Thumb
- 10.3 IAQ and Ventilation [Go to Page]
- } ASHRAE Standards
- } Ventilation Methods
- } IAQ in Mechanically Conditioned Buildings
- } Ventilation Air Energy Recovery
- } Naturally Ventilated and Mixed-Mode Ventilated Buildings
- 10.4 Other Design Considerations for Good IAQ [Go to Page]
- } Limiting Entry of Outdoor or External Contaminants
- } Limiting Internally Generated Contaminants
- } Controlling Moisture and Humidity
- } Disease Prevention
- } Building Pressurization
- } Monitoring During Operation
- 10.5 Thermal Comfort [Go to Page]
- } Evaluating Thermal Comfort
- } What is the Optimum Temperature/Humidity Set Point?
- } Designing for and Maintaining Thermal Comfort
- 10.6 Lighting from Artificial and Natural Sources [Go to Page]
- } Illumination Sources
- } Advanced Lighting Control
- } Daylighting Control and Integration
- 10.7 Acoustics [Go to Page]
- } Sound Transmission from the Exterior and Between Interior Spaces
- } Sound Originating Within the Building
- } Sound Masking
- 10.8 Monitoring of IEQ
- 10.9 Building Certification Programs and Code Requirements [Go to Page]
- } Building Certification Programs
- } IgCC/189.1
- Case Studies
- Additional Resources for Further Study
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 11 - Materials [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: What are the Most Critical Materials Issues in Building Construction?
- 11.2 Overview of How Materials Influence the Environmental Footprint of a Building [Go to Page]
- } Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Considerations
- } Bio-Based Products
- } Sourcing of Materials
- } Designing and Building to Minimize Construction Waste
- } Refrigerants
- } Materials Used Outside the Building Structure
- } Building End-of-Life Considerations
- 11.3 Quantifying the Metrics of Materials Use [Go to Page]
- } Embodied Energy
- } Embodied Carbon
- } Life-Cycle Assessment or Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA)
- } Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)
- 11.4 Materials Use and Effects Related to Building Operations [Go to Page]
- } Green Cleaning
- } Waste and Recycling Handling
- 11.5 Building Certification Programs and Code Requirements [Go to Page]
- } Building Certification Programs
- } IgCC/189.1
- Case Studies
- Additional Resources for Further Study
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 12 - Construction and Startup [Go to Page]
- 12.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: How do Construction Practices Affect the Success of a High-Performance Building Project?
- 12.2 Commissioning during Construction
- 12.3 Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM)
- 12.4 Construction Waste Management
- 12.5 Erosion, Sedimentation Control, and Other Site Impacts
- 12.6 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) during Construction
- 12.7 Post-Construction Air Quality Assurance and Assessment [Go to Page]
- } Building Flush-Out
- } IAQ Testing
- 12.8 Occupancy and Operation
- 12.9 Building Certification Programs and Code Requirements [Go to Page]
- } Building Certification Programs
- } IgCC/189.1
- Case Study
- Additional Resources for Further Study
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 13 - Operation and Maintenance [Go to Page]
- 13.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: How do Operations Practices Affect the Success of a High-Performance Building Project?
- 13.2 Planning for Operation
- 13.3 Performance Monitoring [Go to Page]
- } What to Monitor
- } Tools and Methods for Monitoring Long-Term Performance
- } Using Monitoring for Ongoing Commissioning
- } Post-Occupancy Surveys
- 13.4 Performance Benchmarking
- 13.5 Additional Topics for Consideration [Go to Page]
- } Demand Response (DR)
- } Building Dashboards
- } Green Cleaning
- } Waste Handling, Recycling, and Reuse
- } Transportation
- } The Influence of Building Occupants on Operations
- 13.6 Building Certification Programs, Code Requirements, and Standards [Go to Page]
- } Building Certification Programs
- } IgCC/189.1
- } Other Resources
- Case Studies
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 14 - Energy Informatics, Smart Buildings, Smart Grid [Go to Page]
- 14.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: How do High-Performance Buildings Interact with the Smart Grid?
- 14.2 Energy Informatics
- 14.3 Smart Buildings and Smart Building Systems [Go to Page]
- } The Internet of (Energy) Things
- } Integrated BAS and Model Predictive Control (MPC)
- } AFDD
- } Relationship with Human Occupants
- 14.4 Smart Buildings and the Smart Grid [Go to Page]
- } What is a Smart Grid?
- } The Flow of Energy and Information
- } Demand Response (DR)
- } Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR)
- } Energy Storage and Integration with the Electrical Grid
- 14.5 Concepts Beyond the Building [Go to Page]
- } Microgrids and Nanogrids
- } Smart Cities
- } A Future Global or Neural Grid
- } Cybersecurity
- } Resilience
- Case Study
- Additional Resources for Further Study
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 15 - Resilience in Design and Operation [Go to Page]
- 15.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: Vulnerabilities of Our Built Environment
- 15.2 What is Resilience?
- 15.3 Resilience in Building Structures and Codes
- 15.4 How Efficiency Helps Build Resilience [Go to Page]
- } Energy Use
- } Water Use
- } Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
- 15.5 How Sustainability Helps Build Resilience [Go to Page]
- } The Building Site
- } Energy
- } Water
- } Indoor Environment and Building Systems
- } Material Use
- 15.6 How a Smart Built Environment Helps Increase Resilience [Go to Page]
- } Individual Buildings and their Equipment
- } Smart Grids
- } On-Site Renewable Energy Systems
- } Demand Response (DR)
- } Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- 15.7 Future-Proofing
- Case Study
- Additional Resources for Further Study
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- 16 - New and Future Trends [Go to Page]
- 16.1 Key Terms Related to This Chapter
- Introductory Reflection Exercise: Technology Advancement
- 16.2 Building Decarbonization
- 16.3 Construction Materials and Processes [Go to Page]
- } Wood-Frame and Timber-Frame Structures
- } Construction Techniques
- } Minimization of Plastic Waste
- 16.4 Energy-Related Topics [Go to Page]
- } DC-Powered Systems
- } Electric Vehicle Charging
- } Combined Cooling, Heat, and Power (CCHP) Systems
- } Building Energy Labeling
- } Energy Storage and Integration with the Electrical Grid
- 16.5 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Model Predictive Control (MPC)
- Application for a Future Career
- Discussion Topics, Exercises, and Investigation Study Topics
- References and Bibliography [Go to Page]
- References
- Bibliography and Other Resources [Go to Page]
- } Programs, Databases, and Tools
- } Organizations
- } Publications [Go to Page]
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