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ASHRAE Guideline 10-2023 -- Interactions Affecting the Achievement of Acceptable Indoor Environments, 2023
- G10_2023_text.pdf [Go to Page]
- foreword
- 1. Purpose
- 2. Scope [Go to Page]
- 2.1 This guideline provides guidance regarding factors and their interactions and includes thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), sound and vibration, and non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (including visible light).
- 2.2 It applies to the design, construction, commissioning, operation, and maintenance of buildings.
- 2.3 It applies to all indoor or enclosed spaces that people may occupy, with the following exceptions:
- 3. definitions
- 4. Introduction to the Factors and Their Interactions [Go to Page]
- 4.1 The Four Factors and Building Design. There can be interactions among the four main factors that were unanticipated during building design or refurbishment. For example, to limit temperature fluctuation and improve the thermal environment, it may...
- 4.2 Overall Acceptability and the Four Main Factors. Satisfaction with each of the four main factors will contribute to, but not ensure, overall satisfaction with the indoor environment. To some degree, people integrate their responses, such that som...
- 4.3 Acceptability and Human Adaptability. People are not passive receptors of their environment but interact continuously with it. Given the opportunity, people will adjust themselves to their environment and their environment to themselves. Problems...
- 4.4 Limits to Adaptive Optimization: Imperceptible and Hazardous Aspects. A single environmental characteristic (as summarized by the four major factors) may be too extreme to enable successful optimization. Furthermore, adaptive optimization of the ...
- 4.5 Human Response to the Environment: Physiological and Psychological Interactions. The main environmental factors directly affect the human body, and their physiological effects may be perceived by the occupants. How these perceptions are interpret...
- 4.6 An Alternative Classification of the Environment. Sometimes it is helpful to think of the environment in terms of its chemical, physical, biological, psychological, and other components, as listed in Table 1. This classification enables the inclu...
- 4.7 Types of Interactions Among Aspects of the Indoor Environmental Factors.Environmental factors can act in quite complex ways to produce their combined effects on the acceptability of the environment to the occupants. The types of interaction may i...
- 4.8 Limits to Reliance on Existing Standards and Previous Guidelines. Because of their combined effects on the diverse population of building occupants, interactions among the factors can sometimes result in unacceptable IEQ even where the design con...
- 4.9 The Likelihood and Strength of Potential Interactions. The strength and importance of the interactions between various major indoor environmental factors is highly variable. Since each factor has many aspects, and since conditions and combination...
- 4.10 Asymmetry of Effects. It should be noted that an interaction may not be symmetrical in its effects. For example, thermal conditions can directly affect IAQ through the outgassing of volatile compounds from curtains and carpets under warm conditi...
- 4.11 Control of Interactions by Limiting Exposures. The magnitude of the effects of the interactions among the environmental components can be much reduced by limiting the extent to which each component departs from its optimum level. For example, ca...
- 4.12 Arrangement of the Information on Interactions. The number of potential interactions among the various aspects of the environment is very large. If, for example, there are n aspects of the indoor environment to be considered, there are n(n–1)/...
- 5. thermal Environment [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Interactions among the Various Thermal Aspects
- 5.2 Thermal Environment—Indoor Air Quality
- 5.3 Thermal Environment—Visual Environment (Daylight). Poorly designed windows and skylights can lead to substantial direct or reflected solar radiation that can heat people and objects in the space; solar radiation can also cause heat to be stored...
- 5.4 Thermal Environment—Visual Environment (Electric)
- 5.5 Thermal Environment—Acoustical Environment
- 6. indoor Air Quality (Iaq) [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Interactions. There are usually hundreds of organic compounds in most indoor environments. While none of these individual compounds might exceed concentrations known to cause odor, irritation, or toxicity, in some cases, combinations of chemicals...
- 6.2 Control of Pollutant Sources and Ventilation to Remove Pollutants. Indoor sources of pollutants include occupants, building materials, interior finishes, furnishings, equipment, maintenance products and procedures, and consumer products. Outdoor ...
- 6.3 Interactions among Chemicals in Indoor Air and of Their Effects on Occupants
- 6.4 Indoor Air Quality—Visual Environment (Daylight). Heating of surfaces by direct solar penetration into the building interior can increase the airborne distribution of dust particles and organic contaminants. Air with high particle concentration...
- 6.5 Indoor Air Quality—Visual Environment (Electric). Electric lighting fixtures can be the source of direct pollutant emissions through off-gassing of plasticizers from the insulation on electrical wires and through polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) ...
- 6.6 Indoor Air Quality—Acoustical Environment. The primary ways to achieve IAQ include the use of ventilation, either mechanically with equipment or passively through window openings. Mechanical ventilation is often accompanied by the noise of fans...
- 7. visual Environment [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Daylight Interactions. Some studies have found that access to daylight or windows is associated with lower prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms. However, it appears that an important contributor to the measured outcomes is access t...
- 7.2 Daylight—Electric Lighting Interactions. Light from either an electric or a daylight source is necessary for use of most building spaces. Dynamic lighting has been shown to improve energy efficiency with increased dependence on natural light an...
- 7.3 Daylight—Acoustical Interactions When uninsulated single-pane glazing open windows or skylights are used to admit daylight, noise can enter and be a significant disturbance to occupants. Such noise may interfere with proper task performance. In...
- 7.4 Electric Lighting—Acoustical Interactions. Electric lighting fixtures emit sound that can be audible and even loud enough to be annoying, especially light sources that depend on electromagnetic ballasts, e.g., gaseous discharge lamps such as fl...
- 8. Acoustical Environment
- 9. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY [Go to Page]
